張國新 王秀萍 姚玉濤



摘要 [目的]研究土壤鹽分對養心菜生長及品質等指標的影響,為不同程度鹽堿地條件下養心菜的功能性栽培提供技術支撐。[方法]采用原土調配盆栽試驗,通過CK(0.65 g/kg)、T1(2.00 g/kg)、T2(4.00 g/kg)、T3(6.00 g/kg)、T4(8.00 g/kg)5個鹽分脅迫處理,進行株高、單株產量指標及單寧、黃酮、硝酸鹽、Vc等品質指標分析。[結果]養心菜株高、莖數、單株產量均隨鹽分增加而逐漸減小,CK、T1處理間單株產量差異不顯著,與其他3個處理間差異均達顯著水平;隨鹽分增大,單寧含量逐漸增加,養心菜植株中黃酮含量先增加后減小,4個處理與對照比較均達顯著水平,其中T4處理達到最大值,變幅在1.12~1.36 mg/g之間。隨著鹽分增加,硝酸鹽含量逐漸減小,4個處理與對照比較均達顯著水平;Vc含量除T1處理較對照略有增加外,其他處理均逐漸減小,與對照比較均達顯著水平。[結論]養心菜作為鹽堿地食用栽培,以含鹽量2.00 g/kg的輕度鹽堿地為宜;成分提取及功能性開發栽培,以土壤含鹽量不超過4.00 g/kg為宜。
關鍵詞 鹽脅迫;養心菜;生長指標;品質
Abstract [Objective]The effects of soil salinity on growth, quality and other indicators of Sedum aizoon L.were studied to provide technical support for functional cultivation of Sedum aizoon L. under different saline alkali soils. [Method]The pot experiment was carried out with original soil blending. The plant height, yield index per plant, tannin, flavonoid, nitrate, VC and other quality indexes were analyzed by five salt stress treatments of CK (0.65 g/kg), T1 (2.00 g/kg), T2 (4.00 g/kg), T3 (6.00 g/kg) and T4(8.00 g/kg).[Result]Plant height, stem number and the yield per plant decreased gradually with the increase of salt content, and there was no significant difference in the yield per plant between the CK and T1 treatment , and the differences with other three treatments reached significant levels;with the increase of salinity, the tannin content increased gradually. With the increase of salt, the content of flavonoids in Sedum aizoon L. increased at first and then decreased, and the content of flavonoids in the four treatments reached a significant level compared with CK, among which T4 treatment reached the maximum, with a range of 1.12-1.36 mg/g. With the increase of salinity, the content of nitrate gradually decreased, and the four treatments reached a significant level compared with the control; except for the T1 treatment, which slightly increased compared with the control, the other treatments gradually decreased and reached a significant level compared with the control.[Conclusion]As an edible cultivation in salinealkali land, it is suitable for mild saline alkali land with salt content of about 2.00 g/kg, and for component extraction and functional development and cultivation, soil salt content should not exceed 4.00 g/kg.
Key words Salt stress;Sedum aizoon L.;Growth index;Quality
養心菜(Sedum aizoon L.),學名費菜,為景天科景天屬多年生草本宿根植物,在我國分布廣泛,是一種食用、藥用及園林兼用植物。養心菜莖葉富含鐵、鈣等礦質元素,營養價值豐富[1],可食用也可加工茶、飲料等[2-3]。植株含谷淄醇、類黃酮、槲皮素等多種藥用物質[4-5],經常食用能有效治療高血壓和心臟病等心血管疾病[6],具有極高藥用價值[7];由于其耐旱及耐寒性好,適應性強,是風沙治理及園林綠化的優選植物[8-9]。
一般情況下,鹽脅迫會降低蔬菜的產量并影響其營養品質變化,但因種類、鹽脅迫程度的不同,影響有所差異。硝酸鹽作為蔬菜食用安全性的重要指標,葉果菜類等均有一定的安全限值。該研究表明,供試條件下養心菜植株中硝酸鹽含量變幅在563.7~1 751.3 mg/kg之間,均在安全限值內,且隨土壤鹽分增加逐漸減小,這與姜娜娜等[25]對鹽脅迫下鹽芥硝酸鹽的吸收研究結果基本一致,可能與鹽分脅迫抑制了養心菜生長,從而影響了N素吸收有關。隨著鹽分增加,養心菜Vc含量呈現小幅升高后逐漸減小趨勢,鹽分越高,下降越明顯,其中2.00 g/kg鹽分處理Vc含量達到最高值(為29.13 mg/100 g),但與對照間差異不顯著,與其他幾個處理間差異均達顯著水平,說明適度低鹽脅迫有利于養心菜Vc形成,高鹽影響養心菜的營養品質。綜合分析看,養心菜作為鹽堿地食用栽培,以含鹽量2.00 g/kg的輕度鹽堿地為宜;養心菜作為成分提取及功能性開發栽培,以土壤含鹽量不超過4.00 g/kg為宜。
參考文獻
[1]? 余宏軍,蔣衛杰,孫奐明,等.十九種稀特蔬菜的營養價值[J].北方園藝, 2008(8):52-56.
[2] 王小會,張麗霞,孫慶娜.干燥溫度對景天三七茶香氣的影響[J].食品研究與開發,2013,34(8):28-32.
[3] 卞國勇,王偉,胡艷慧,等.紫山藥—養心菜—藍莓復合保健飲料的研制[J].包裝與食品機械,2018,36(2):6-9.
[4] 于志斌,楊廣義,吳霞,等.救心草的化學成分研究[J].天然產物研究與開發, 2007,19(1):67-69.
[5] 林珠燦,房英娟,黃安玉,等.高效液相色譜法同時測定不同產地及不同藥用部位景天三七中4種黃酮類成分的含量[J].分析科學學報,2013,29(6):819-822.
[6] 王娜,王奇志.費菜的臨床應用及其研究進展[J].北方園藝,2011(23):171-174.
[7] 孟飛,羅霄,鞏江,等.費菜藥學研究概況[J].遼寧中醫藥大學學報,2010,12(8):31-33.
[8] 苑森朋,張振師,黨廷輝,等.毛烏素沙地光伏電站3種植物措施生長發育狀況及其生態功能比較[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):235-239.
[9] 涂愛萍.屋頂綠化景天屬植物的適應性研究[J].湖北農業科學,2011,50(4):717-719,727.
[10] 全國土壤普查辦公室. 中國土壤[M]. 北京: 中國農業出版社, 1998.
[11] 田曉艷,劉延吉,張蕾,等.4種景天屬植物抗鹽脅迫能力的差異[J].草原與草坪,2010,30(3):57-60.
[12] 王秀萍,張國新,魯雪林,等.養心菜的耐鹽性及其對濱海鹽堿土的改良效果研究[J].安徽農業科學,2010,38(4):1796-1799.
[13] 宋波,徐海,陳龍正,等.綠色保健蔬菜費菜的優質高效栽培技術[J].江蘇農業科學,2010(6):246.
[14] 劉雪梅,吳符火,黃啟福.養心草膠囊調脂作用藥效學實驗研究[J].中國病理生理雜志,2005,21(8):1628.
[15] JIN C B,WEI X C,YANG S L,et al.Microwave assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Sedum aizoon leaves[J]. Food science and technology research,2017,23(1):111-118.
[16] 蘇丹,孫國峰,張金政,等.水分脅迫對費菜和長藥八寶生長及生物量分配的影響[J].園藝學報,2007,34(5):1317-1320.
[17] 吳永華,許宏剛,張建旗,等.14種景天屬植物的抗旱性比較[J].草業科學,2012,29(6):904-908.
[18] 陳克克, 強毅. 陜西產景天三七總黃酮含量的測定[J].北方園藝,2011(24):214-216.
[19] MUNNS R,TESTER M.Mechanisms of salinity tolerance[J].Annu Rev Plant Biol,2008,59:651-681.
[20] 張國新,劉雅輝,李強,等.梯度濱海鹽土對費菜生長指標及Na+、K+ 分布的影響[J].中國農學通報,2015,31(10):163-166.
[21] KRANNER I,BIRTIC S.A modulating role for antioxidants in desiccation tolerance[J].Integrative and comparative biology,2005,45(5):734-740.
[22] 石碧,狄瑩.植物多酚[M].北京:科學出版社,2000:180-191.
[23] STAMATAKIS A,PAPADANTONAKIS N,SAVVAS D,et al. Effects of silicon and salinity on fruit yield and quality of tomato grown hydroponically[J].Acta horticulturae(ISHS),2003,609:141-147.
[24] 蘇虎,周春麗.不同逆境脅迫條件對草珊瑚總黃酮含量的影響[J].安徽農業科學,2009,37(17):7995-7996.
[25] 姜娜娜,崔鳳,劉譯陽,等.鹽脅迫對鹽芥硝酸鹽的吸收及根系生長發育的影響[J].山東農業科學,2017,49(9):37-41.