黃飛鴻民俗敘事及翻譯探討

袁楚倩　黃穎賢　郭曼琳　官潔華

摘 要：黃飛鴻作為嶺南文化的重要代表人物之一，其生平事跡廣為傳播。在講好中國故事，傳播中華文化的大背景下，整理嶺南名人的民俗敘事資料，并做好外宣翻譯，于對外傳播嶺南文化具有重要意義。以收集整理黃飛鴻民俗敘事為前提，研究敘事翻譯規(guī)律為基礎，對黃飛鴻民俗敘事中的人物生平部分進行翻譯整理，為更多研究黃飛鴻人物生平的民俗敘事及翻譯提供借鑒。

關鍵詞：民俗敘事;黃飛鴻;人物生平翻譯

中圖分類號：G4 文獻標識碼：Adoi：10.19311/j.cnki.1672-3198.2020.03.084

1 出生（Huang Feihong's Birth）

黃飛鴻，原名黃錫祥，字達云，原籍南海西樵嶺西祿舟村，咸豐六年（1856年）農歷七月初九生于佛山。他童年、少年多生活在佛山，從六歲起隨相傳為“廣東十虎”之一的父親黃麒英習武。

Huang Feihong，formerly named Huang Xixiang，was born in Xiluzhou Village，Xiqiaoling，Nanhai District，Foshan.He was born in Foshan on the ninth day of the seventh lunar month in the sixth year of Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty （1856）.During his childhood and boyhood，he lived in Foshan.From the age of six，he practiced martial arts with his father，Huang Qiying，one of “Guangdong Ten Tigers”.

2 賣武售藥（Performing Martial Arts And Selling Medicine）

12歲時，黃飛鴻的武藝已經十分出色，開始跟隨父親在佛山、廣州、順德一帶四處賣武，同時，他們還售賣跌打藥及“大力丸”等。坊眾均因為他小小年紀有如此不凡的身手，多樂于前來觀看。飛鴻的武藝與一般賣武者不同，而且他口齒伶俐，談吐得體有條理，遠非一般江湖中人所及。父子每次賣武獻技，麒英便鳴鑼召眾，飛鴻則表演武技。

At the age of 12，Huang Feihong's martial arts seemed very outstanding，and he began to follow his father to display the martial arts in Foshan，Guangzhou and Shunde.At the same time，they also sold herbal wine and “strong pills” and so on.Neighbours were happy to come to watch his performances because he had such extraordinary skills at his early age.Feihong's martial arts were different from those of ordinary martial arts performers.He was of speech and eloquence，far better than other people who wandered in the country.Every time the father and the son performed martial arts skills together，Qiying would beat gongs to gather audience，and Feihong would perform martial arts skills.

3 風華正茂（Feihongs Prime）

經與廣州武師鄭大雄一戰(zhàn)，黃飛鴻名聲大噪，頓成“少年英雄”。稍后，飛鴻于佛山街頭幸遇“廣東十虎”之首鐵橋三的高徒林福成，在他的指點下，飛鴻學到了鐵橋三的絕技鐵線拳和林福成的絕技飛鉈，武藝更加高強。此后黃飛鴻隨父于廣州樂善山房設館授徒。當時，黃麒英覺得自己日漸年老，每日不論刮風下雨還是烈日當頭在街頭賣武謀生，終非良策，因此，1872年，他在銅鐵行的幫助下，與黃飛鴻在廣州第七甫水腳邊設立了一間武館，稱“務本山房”。其后，薄有名氣的黃飛鴻又被三欄行（果欄、菜欄、魚欄）聘為行中的武術教練。

After fighting with Zheng Daxiong，a military commander in Guangzhou，Huang Feihong became famous as a “young hero”.Later，Feihong was lucky to meet Lin Fucheng，an outstanding disciple of Tie Qiaosan，who was the leader of “Guangdong Ten Tigers”.Under his guidance，Feihong learned Tie Qiaosans stunning iron-line boxing and Lin Fucheng's stunning flying top.His martial arts were even better.From then on，Huang Feihong set up a martial museum located at Leshan Martial Club in Guangzhou.At that time，Huang Qiying felt that he was getting older and that it was not a good idea to make a living by performing martial arts in the street every day，in rainy or blazing days.Therefore，in 1872，with the help of some copper-smiths and blacksmiths，Huang Feihong set up a martial arts hall near the Seventh Fushuijiao in Guangzhou，called “Wuben Martial Club”.Afterwards，the famous Huang Feihong was hired as a martial arts coach by the three hurdle lines （fruit hurdle，vegetable hurdle，fish hurdle）.

22歲時，黃飛鴻設館于廣州西關回瀾橋附近，教徒受藝兼醫(yī)跌打刀傷，三欄教席一職便由弟子梁寬替代。后來，他又在佛山平鎮(zhèn)橋任蟀場護草（現場保鏢），嚴懲歹徒，名噪一時。

At the age of 22，Huang Feihong set up a martial arts hall near Huilan Bridge in Sai Kwan，Guangzhou.Because Feihong was busy teaching martial arts skills to his disciples and treating wounds and injuries，his disciple Liang Kuan replaced him as the director of the three hurdles.Huang Feihong was once appointed Hu Cao （body guard） in a cricket-fighting court of Pingzheng Bridge in Foshan.And he was renowned for punishing the gangsters.

29歲，記名提督吳全美聘請他擔任軍隊的技擊教練，此前在回瀾橋開辦的武館便宣告停業(yè)。

At 29，Huang Feihong was hired by Wu Quanmei，a provincial military commander with no power in imperial China，and served as a tactical coach for the army.The martial arts hall，which was established at Huilan Bridge，was finally closed.

1886年，30歲的黃飛鴻在廣州十三行仁安里開設寶芝林藥店，懸壺濟世，對貧苦病者贈醫(yī)施藥，口碑載道。

In 1886，Huang Feihong，aged 30，set up Bao Zhi Lin drug store on Ren'an Alley in the Thirteen Hongs of Guangdong and gave medicine to the poor and sick，and for this reason，Feihong was warmly praised by local people.

4 赴臺（To Taiwan）

38歲，黃飛鴻治愈了黑旗軍將軍劉永福多年的腿患。劉氏久慕飛鴻高超的武藝及賞識他精湛的醫(yī)術，贈送了飛鴻一塊刻有“醫(yī)藝精通”字樣的木牌匾，并聘請他為黑旗軍的軍醫(yī)官，同時擔任福字軍的技擊總教練。

1894年，劉永福率領軍隊遠赴中國臺灣抗擊日本人的侵略。聞說飛鴻亦隨福字軍抵臺，駐守臺南。他訓練軍隊抵抗入侵的日軍，保家衛(wèi)國，也可說得上是位抗日救國的民族英雄。

1895年6月，中國臺灣巡撫唐景崧自立為“臺灣民主國”總統(tǒng)，年號“永清”。聞說飛鴻被任命為殿前大將軍（可惜到目前仍找不到確切的史料以供佐證）。其后，李鴻章下令各處官軍不得援助臺灣。清廷軟弱無能，加上整個形勢不利抗戰(zhàn)，最后，劉永福護臺失利而離去，黃飛鴻亦返回廣州，情緒低落。遭受重大打擊的他自此行醫(yī)，不再公開設館授武，據說他曾在寶芝林張榜表示：“武藝功夫，難以傳授;千金不傳，求師莫問?！?/p>

At the age of 38，Huang Feihong cured Liu Yongfu，general of the Black Flag Army，of his leg injuries for many years.Having long been an admirer of Feihong's superb martial arts and medical skills，Liu presented Feihong with a wooden plaque engraved with the words “Proficient in Medical Skills”，and hired him as a medical officer of the Black Flag Army，and at the same time，as the Fuzi Army's chief combat coach.

5 老年Huang Feihong's Old Age

1924年10月，廣州國民政府鎮(zhèn)壓商團暴亂，西關一帶房屋被毀，仁安街寶芝林也受累被焚，所有資財付與一炬，長子又告失業(yè)，黃飛鴻憂郁成疾。

1925年4月17日，黃飛鴻病逝于廣州城西方便醫(yī)院，終年69歲。然而那時候家徒四壁的后人甚至無力殯葬，多虧了女弟子鄧秀瓊出資相助，才得以埋葬到白云山麓。

In October 1924，Guangzhou National Government suppressed the rebellion of the Chamber of Commerce，destroyed houses in the Sai Kwan area，and burned Bao Zhi Lin in Ren'an Street.Huang Feihong became depressed and ill because all the money was gone and his eldest son lost his job.

On April 17，1925，Huang Feihong died in Fangbian Hospital in Western Guangzhou，aged 69.However，the descendants who were utterly destitute were even unable to hold a funeral procession and bury the deceased.Thanks to the financial assistance of the disciple Deng Xiuqiong，Feihong was finally buried at the foot of Baiyun Mountain.

參考文獻

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[2]韓春萌.論歷史名人文化價值的發(fā)掘與彰顯——以黃飛鴻為例[J].江西社會科學，2019，39（09）：226-231.