減氮施肥對間作玉米-大豆生長性狀及經(jīng)濟效益的影響

田藝心　曹鵬鵬　高鳳菊　王樂政　華方靜

摘要：以玉米（120 kg/hm2）、大豆（65 kg/hm2）單作施氮量為基準，對間作玉米-大豆模式設(shè)置5個施氮水平（玉米、大豆單作施氮量;玉米減氮50%，大豆不減氮;大豆減氮50%，玉米不減氮;玉米大豆均減氮50%;不施肥處理），通過對間作玉米和大豆生長性狀、產(chǎn)量及經(jīng)濟效益的研究，以期獲得間作玉米-大豆適宜的氮肥用量。研究結(jié)果表明：玉米大豆在均減氮50%處理下，玉米禿頂長顯著增加，穗長和單穗重顯著降低，玉米產(chǎn)量降低5.72%～6.81%，大豆產(chǎn)量降低8.94%～11.74%，玉米經(jīng)濟效益降低4.35%～6.14%，大豆經(jīng)濟效益降低11.10%～12.15%。單一玉米或大豆氮肥減量50%對兩作物主要生長性狀、產(chǎn)量、經(jīng)濟效益均無顯著影響，可實現(xiàn)氮肥減量增效，有利于保護生態(tài)環(huán)境，促進農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：減氮施肥;玉米-大豆間作;生長性狀;產(chǎn)量;經(jīng)濟效益

中圖分類號：S513.062：565.106.2文獻標識號：A文章編號：1001-4942（2019）11-0109-05

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction on Growth Traits and

Economic Benefits of Intercropped Maize and Soybean

Tian Yixin， Cao Pengpeng， Gao Fengju， Wang Lezheng， Hua Fangjing

（Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Dezhou 253015， China）

Abstract With nitrogen application rate of monoculture maize （120 kg/hm2） and soybean （65 kg/hm2）as the benchmark， five nitrogen application levels were set in the intercropping corn-soybean mode （nitrogen application of maize and soybean monoculture， corn reducing nitrogen by 50%，soybean reducing nitrogen by 50%， both corn and soybean reducing nitrogen by 50%， and no fertilization）. By studying the growth characters， yield and economic benefit of intercropping maize and soybean， the suitable nitrogen application rate was obtained. The results showed that the bald length of maize increased significantly， the ear length and the single ear weight decreased significantly under the treatment both corn and soybean reducing nitrogen by 50%， and the corn yield decreased by 5.72%～6.81%， soybean yield decreased by 8.94%～11.74%， corn economic benefit decreased by 4.35%～6.14%，and soybean economic benefit decreased by 11.10%～12.15%. The 50% reduction of nitrogen in single corn or soybean had no significant impact on the growth characters， yield and economic benefits of the two crops， which not only realized the saving rate and improving efficiency of nitrogen， but also conducive to protecting the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

Keywords Reduced nitrogen application; Maize-soybean intercropping; Growth traits; Yield; Economic benefits

玉米和大豆間作是我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中的一種典型耕作方式，可利用玉米和大豆株型及生理方面的差異，有效發(fā)揮空間及水肥潛力，彌補單作的不足，獲得比單作更高的產(chǎn)量和經(jīng)濟效益[1，2]。黃淮海地區(qū)一直是我國北方玉米和大豆的主要產(chǎn)區(qū)之一，近幾年來，隨著國家“調(diào)減玉米、增加大豆”供給側(cè)改革政策的實施（國辦發(fā)〔2015〕59號），玉米-大豆間作模式在黃淮海地區(qū)發(fā)展迅速，推廣應(yīng)用也較為普及。由于環(huán)境和品種區(qū)域適應(yīng)性對作物生長及栽培制度的制定均有較大影響，如何更為合理地實施玉米-大豆間作模式已成為研究者們普遍關(guān)注的問題[3，4]。……