腐植酸肥料對夏玉米產(chǎn)量和氮素利用的影響

崔雙雙　董曉霞　田慎重　王學君　劉盛林　孫澤強　劉志鑫

摘要：以腐植酸尿素和腐植酸復合肥為材料，開展田間肥效試驗，研究6種腐植酸肥料對玉米產(chǎn)量以及氮肥利用率的影響，以期為玉米施肥提質(zhì)增效提供理論與實踐依據(jù)，并為新型腐植酸尿素/復合肥肥料中添加劑的適宜用量提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。試驗結(jié)果表明：與不添加腐植酸的普通尿素/復合肥對照相比，腐植酸尿素和腐植酸復合肥均能增加玉米產(chǎn)量，腐植酸尿素及腐植酸復合肥最大增產(chǎn)率分別為12.97%和11.74%;腐植酸肥料對玉米干物質(zhì)量的累積也有一定促進作用，尤其是Ⅳ型腐植酸尿素處理和Ⅴ型腐植酸復合肥處理玉米的生物量分別比對照提高9.7%和10.8%;玉米氮吸收量和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力隨腐植酸添加量的不同而異，HA4處理和HA5處理玉米氮吸收量和氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力均較高。綜上所述，腐植酸肥料能夠增加玉米產(chǎn)量，提高氮肥肥效，且Ⅴ型腐植酸尿素、Ⅳ型腐植酸復合肥處理玉米生物量和氮肥利用率均較高，所以腐植酸在尿素中的最佳添加量為Ⅴ型，在復合肥中的最佳添加量為Ⅳ型。

關鍵詞：夏玉米;產(chǎn)量;腐植酸尿素;腐植酸復合肥;氮肥偏生產(chǎn)力

中圖分類號：S145.9：S513.062 文獻標識號：A 文章編號：1001-4942（2019）11-0087-05

Effects of Humic Acid Fertilizer on Nitrogen

Utilization and Yield of Summer Maize

Cui Shuangshuang1， Dong Xiaoxia1，2， Tian Shenzhong1， Wang Xuejun1，2，

Liu Shenglin1， Sun Zeqiang1，2， Liu Zhixin3

（1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China;

2. Shandong Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation Station of Ministry of Agriculture， Jinan 250100， China;

3. Dongying Agricultural High-Tech Demonstration Zone， Dongying 257000， China）

Abstract With the humic acid urea and humic acid compound fertilizer as materials， a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of six kinds of humic acid fertilizers on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency， which was expected to provide theoretical and practical basis for improving the quality and efficiency of maize fertilization， and provide data support for the appropriate amount of additives in the new type of humic acid urea/compound fertilizers. The results showed that compared with the control of urea/compound fertilizer without humic acid， the humic acid urea and humic acid compound fertilizer could increase maize yield with the maximum increase rate as 12.97% and 11.74% respectively. Humic acid fertilizer could promote the accumulation of maize biomass， especially in the treatment of HA4 and HA5， the biomass of maize increased by 9.7% and 10.8%， respectively. The amount of nitrogen absorption and nitrogen partial productivities in maize varied with the amount of humic acid added， which were the highest in HA4 and HA5 treatments. In conclusion， humic acid fertilizer could increase maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency， and Ⅴ-type humic acid urea and Ⅳ-type humic acid compound fertilizer had higher maize biomass and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency. So Ⅴ type was the optimal addition amount of humic acid in urea and Ⅳ type was the optimal addition amount of humic acid in compound fertilizer.

Keywords Summer maize; Yield; Humic acid urea; Humic acid compound fertilizer;Nitrogen partial productivities

肥料作為糧食的“糧食”，是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料，在糧食增產(chǎn)中的作用占40%～50%[1]，對農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展具有無可替代的重要作用。但是肥料的利用率普遍較低，不僅造成巨大的經(jīng)濟損失，還對環(huán)境造成極大危害，提高肥料肥效和利用率亟待解決。……