低溫和赤霉素對泰山黃精種子萌發特性的影響

孫文帥　陳為序　祝麗香　秦寧　劉盈盈　曲洪瑤　鄭敏　孫湄婷　葛春妹

摘要：泰山黃精種子在自然條件下萌發率低、出苗緩慢，提高種子萌發率、縮短育苗時間是泰山黃精栽培所面臨的關鍵問題。本研究將泰山黃精果實與濕沙混合層積處理，處理溫度設室外自然低溫貯藏、-4℃低溫冷藏和-20℃低溫冷藏，然后用赤霉素浸泡，研究打破泰山黃精種子休眠的方法。自然低溫貯藏、-4℃低溫冷藏濕沙層積泰山黃精種子萌發率為35.61%～42.39%，-20℃低溫冷藏后萌發率極低。濕沙層積處理后用赤霉素浸泡顯著提高種子萌發率，-4℃低溫冷藏后用100 mg·L-1赤霉素處理萌發率最高。形態學研究發現，泰山黃精種子萌發首先形成小球莖，小球莖分化出不定根和芽后休眠30～40 d，最后形成幼苗。由此推測泰山黃精種子存在二次休眠現象，即種子休眠和小球莖休眠。濕沙層積-4℃低溫冷藏后的泰山黃精種子用100 mg·L-1赤霉素浸泡24 h能夠打破其種子休眠，顯著縮短小球莖休眠時間，是提高泰山黃精種子育苗效率的一種有效方法。

關鍵詞：泰山黃精;低溫貯藏;赤霉素;休眠;發芽率

中圖分類號：S567.21文獻標識號：A文章編號：1001-4942（2019）11-0064-04

Effects of Low-Temperature and Gibberellin on Seed

Germination Characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum

Sun Wenshuai1， Chen Weixu2， Zhu Lixiang1， Qin Ning1， Liu Yingying1，

Qu Hongyao1， Zheng Min1， Sun Meiting1， Ge Chunmei1

（1. Agronomy College， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian 271018， China;

2. Shangyao Huayu （Linyi） Traditional Chinese Resources Co.， Ltd.， Linyi 276000， China）

Abstract Under natural conditions， the germination rate was low and the emergence rate was slow of Polygonatum sibiricum seeds. To improve the germination rate and shorten the seedling time were the key problems in the cultivation of P. sibiricum. In this study， the fruits of P. sibiricum mixed with high-moisture sand and treated with three kinds of low temperature （outdoor natural low-temperature， -4℃ and -20℃），and then， the seeds were soaked in GA solutions to study the method for breaking seed dormancy. The germination rate of seeds of P. sibiricum treated by natural low-temperature and -4℃ cold storage was 35.61%～42.39%， while that treated by -20℃ cold storage was close to zero， which indicated that fruits of P. sibiricum could not be stored at -20℃ with high-moisture sand. The germination rate of P. sibiricum seeds treated by wet sand stratification was significantly increased after soaked with gibberellin， and the highest germination rate was obtained in 100 mg·L-1 gibberellin treatment after -4℃ cold storage. The study of seed germination morphology of P. sibiricum showed that the seeds firstly formed small corms， which then differentiated into roots and buds， and finally formed seedlings after dormant for 30～40 days. Therefore， it could be concluded that there were two-dormancy in the seeds of P. sibiricum， namely seed dormancy and small corm dormancy. The dormancy of P. sibiricum seeds could be broken and the dormancy time of small corm could be significantly shortened by soaked in 100 mg·L-1 gibberellin for 24 hours after stratification with high moisture and stored at -4℃， which was an effective method to improve seedling efficiency.

Keywords Polygonatum sibiricum; Low temperature storage;Gibberellin;Dormancy; Germination percentage

泰山黃精（Polygonatum sibiricum Red.）為百合科黃精屬植物，根莖藥用或食用，具有補氣養陰、健脾潤肺、降血壓、降血糖、降血脂等功效。因泰山黃精種子自然條件下發芽率極低，生產上以根狀莖繁殖為主[1]。利用根狀莖作種根投入高，每公頃需要泰山黃精根狀莖2 500 kg，更重要的是長期無性繁殖引起種質退化[2]。種子繁殖是解決這一問題的有效途徑，但必需提高泰山黃精種子萌發率和出苗率。……