孫兆學(xué) 張建波 吳會才 呂元剛 牟言青 李京蕾 王玉軍 劉朋



摘要:上部煙葉可用性低是制約烤煙生產(chǎn)的重要因素。為提高上部煙葉可用性,本試驗(yàn)在煙葉生長后期用三種不同處理(噴赤霉素、乙烯利和傷根)研究其對上部煙葉可用性的影響。結(jié)果表明:噴施赤霉素和乙烯利都能顯著促進(jìn)上部葉開片,降低葉片厚度,同時(shí)還能降低煙堿和總氮含量、增加可溶性糖和總糖含量;傷根處理雖對上部煙葉開片沒有顯著影響,但卻能降低葉片厚度、改善煙葉內(nèi)部化學(xué)成分平衡。因此認(rèn)為,噴施赤霉素、乙烯利和傷根處理都能顯著提高上部煙葉的可用性。
關(guān)鍵詞:上部煙葉;可用性;赤霉素;乙烯利;傷根;成熟度
中圖分類號:S572.055文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識號:A文章編號:1001-4942(2019)11-0049-04
The Effects of Late Growth Regulation on Upper
Leaves Usability of Flue-Cured Tobacco
Sun Zhaoxue1, Zhang Jianbo1, Wu Huicai1, Lü Yuangang1,
Mou Yanqing2, Li Jinglei2, Wang Yujun2, Liu Peng2
(1. Shandong Laiwu Tobacco Co., Ltd., Jinan 271100, China;
2. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China)
Abstract The low usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco was the restrict factor for tobacco industry. In order to enhance the usability, we discussed the effects of three different approaches (spraying gibberellin, ethephon and root cutting) on upper leaves usability of flue-cured tobacco in the present study. The results indicated that gibberellins (GA) and ethephon (ETH) could significantly enhance the leaf openness, decrease the leaf thickness, reduce the content of nicotine and total nitrogen, and increase the content of soluble sugar and total sugar. Although root cutting did not affect the leaf openness, the leaf thickness was decreased and the balance of the chemical composition of tobacco leaf was improved. Above all, exogenous plant hormone (GA and ETH) and root cutting could significantly enhance the usability of upper leave.
Keywords Upper leaves; Usability; Gibberellins; Ethephon; Root cutting; Maturity
烤煙上部葉共6~7片,占整株葉片數(shù)的1/3,但其產(chǎn)量占總產(chǎn)的30%~45%,因此上部煙葉對烤煙總體質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量都具有很大影響[1]。優(yōu)質(zhì)的上部葉因具香氣質(zhì)好、香氣量足的特點(diǎn)在歐美混合型卷煙和低焦油烤煙型卷煙葉組配方中起著主導(dǎo)作用,對卷煙香味及其風(fēng)格具有很大影響[2]。我國烤煙因煙農(nóng)、技術(shù)人員認(rèn)識不足或采收調(diào)制方式不當(dāng)?shù)染壒蕦?dǎo)致上部煙葉存在著葉片偏厚、組織結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、煙堿含量偏高、還原糖及糖堿比低、內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分不協(xié)調(diào)現(xiàn)象,這就造成上部煙葉在高檔卷煙品牌中占比較小[3]。
隨著卷煙產(chǎn)業(yè)大品牌和重點(diǎn)骨干企業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展壯大,優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉數(shù)量不足、等級結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、煙葉資源使用效率低已成為當(dāng)前卷煙生產(chǎn)上面臨的突出問題[4]。……