岡薩雷斯盧納大廈，瓜達拉哈拉，哈利斯科，墨西哥

建筑設計：馬西亞斯-佩雷多工作室

1 外景/Exterior view

2 透視圖/Perspective diagram

該公寓樓位于瓜達拉哈拉市的一個遺產保護區內，區域內的建筑主要為1950 年代的現代風格。項目在區域中插入了新的體量，通過低矮的內墻和底部附有花壇、鏤空的柵欄，引導空間向建筑物前方的花園滲透。

該區域有著斜向的網狀肌理，和城市的正交路網不相平行。人們曾希望能打破文藝復興時期呆板的規劃，因而形成了這些三角形或梯形的街區。鑒于此，場地有了兩個重要的立面：其一朝向一條幽靜的小路，而另一個朝向一條大道，從工業區一直通往城市的西部。于是，建筑的主入口就設置在第一個立面之下；另一個立面借助主干道的人流，設置了沿街商鋪。

整個綜合體呈現為一個切削后的單一體量，占據了整個梯形場地。在體量操作之后，4 個立面均可獲得自然光和自然通風。相鄰的體量語匯之間有著微妙的異構差別，但都暗示著同一個整體。同時，建筑的雙層立面也蘊含著材料的堅硬屬性。兩者之間的空隙變成露臺，成為室內空間與外部嚴酷的陽光之間的屏障。

最終的體量解決方案，是將住宅分布在4 個塔樓之中，加上兩個獨立的交通筒，避免使用傳統走廊。盡管建筑占滿了整個地段，但為了減輕體積感，體量被部分削減，弱化了外向的姿態，使之更為融入周邊的環境。塔樓的體量也被切分，以保證每間公寓的通風和自然采光，并創造更多的公共區域和宜人的屋頂平臺。□（王一橋 譯）

This apartment building is located in a patrimonial protected area, conformed by modern era style houses from the 1950s in Guadalajara. This insertion allows permeability towards the gardens situated in front of the building. This gesture is reproduced by the building's low interior walls,and permeable fences on its perimeter that hold a gardened base.

The complex is placed within the site as an excavated monolith, being an extrusion of the plot's trapezoidal geometry. As a stereotomic exercise it allows the building to have natural ventilation and lighting across all four fa?ades. The solid volume recognises the immediate neighbours through a subtle and heterogeneous language, permitting the total integration of the building. The hard language of the materials is exploited to generate dual fa?ades.The resulting voids turn into terraces, becoming the protective barrier between the interior space and the exterior bustle and harsh sunlight.

The solution to the monolith is given by distributing the dwelling in four different towers,attended by two independent circulation cores,rejecting conventional hallways. Even though the building takes the entire square footage of the plot,to lighten this large mass, the volume is excavated,looking to provoke a less harsh aspect within the context. The towers are interrupted to permit ventilation and natural lighting for all the units, to create more common areas, and livable rooftops.□

3 外景/Exterior view

4 縱剖面/Longitudinal section

5 橫剖面/Transverse section

6 六層平面/Level 5 plan

7 四層平面/Level 3 plan

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: Salvador Macías Corona,Magui Peredo Arenas

項目總協調/Project Coordinator: Leonardo Ruíz

項目團隊/Project Team: Cristina Serrano, Elizabeth Fernández, Denisse Sandoval, Carlos Mendiola, Ernesto Rizo

結構設計/Structural Design: Juan Jesús Aguirre,CEROMOTION

施工/Construction: Oroplan Constructora

熔煉頂吹爐爐渣的目標渣型是Fe/SiO2比率為1.2，即Fe/Si比率為2.6，Ca/Si比率為0.7。根據熔煉頂吹爐多年的工業生產實踐可知，Fe/Si和Ca/Si比率可在一定范圍內波動，即Fe/Si=2.1～2.7(氧化階段Fe/Si=2.5～2.7，煙化階段Fe/Si=2.1～2.5)、Ca/Si=0.4～0.85(氧化階段Ca/Si=0.7～0.85，煙化階段Ca/Si=0.4～0.7)，同時引入了硅酸度K來控制爐渣的整體化學性，K=1.0～1.3(氧化階段K=1.0～1.1，煙化階段K=1.1～1.3)。

材料及結構/Material and Structure: 混凝土/Concrete

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2200m2

設計開始時間/Design Start Time: 2013

建成時間/Built Time: 2018

項目描述撰文/Project Description: Salvador Macías

攝影/Photos: César Béjar

8 二層平面/Level 1 plan

9 夾層平面/Mezzanine floor plan

10 地下層平面/Basement plan

11 立面/Elevation

12 樓梯間內景/Interior view of staircases

13 外景/Exterior view

評論

裴釗：拉美集合式公寓中的精良之作。在拉美經濟通貨膨脹和銀行貸款高利率影響下，私人企業開發大型住宅項目較少，大量新住宅是這種接近眾籌方式的中產公寓：若干中產家庭一起購置一塊土地，出資委托建筑師將原先低層獨棟建筑改造成中高層公寓，然后每家分得一戶新公寓，其中建筑師也承擔建造商和開發商的角色。在慘淡的拉美經濟下，這種開發模式催生了一批優秀的公寓建筑。從外觀上看，均質的混凝土外墻為建筑帶來了強烈的體積感，但事實上只是一個表皮，與內部方正的體積間的空隙產生了豐富的層次感。此外，將4個住宅塔樓像“套環”游戲一樣，高低參差布置，在保證開發強度不變的條件下，豐富了建筑造型。

范路：岡薩雷斯盧納住宅大廈的體量呈現為一個被削切單體的形象。形體削切的原因是多重的：引向前方花園的空間滲透，應對兩條氛圍不同的周邊道路，回應兩種路網肌理。4個塔樓錯落連接2個交通核，以及保證每戶通風采光的形體削切。所有這些處理讓該公寓樓具有豐富的、變化微妙的表情。然而，不夠鮮明的總體立場和4個立面近乎一致的處理，卻讓建筑在街區中顯得有些呆滯。

14.15 內景/Interior views

Comments

PEI Zhao: A masterpiece in Latin American apartments. Under the influence of Latin American economic inflation and high bank loan interest rates,private companies have developed fewer large-scale residential projects, and a large number of new dwellings are middle-class apartments by way of something like crowdfunding: several middle-class families purchase a piece of land together, and fund to commission an architect to transform the low-rise single building into a high-rise apartment, and then each family gets a new apartment, during which the architect also takes on the role of builder and developer. Under the dismal Latin American economy, this development model has given birth to a number of excellent apartment buildings. From the appearance, the homogeneous concrete exterior wall brings a strong sense of volume to the building, but in fact it is only a skin, and the gap between the internal and square volume creates a rich sense of layering. In addition, the four residential towers are arranged at different heights like a "loop" game,which enriches the building's shape while ensuring the same development intensity. (Translated by XU Ziyi)

FAN Lu: The volume of the González Luna apartment building is expressed as an image of an excavated monolith. The reasons of volumetric excavation are multiple: to produce void permeable towards the gardens in front, to response to different atmosphere of two surrounding streets, to echo with two different types of road network, to connect four different dwelling towers with two independent circulation cores, and to permit ventilation and natural lighting for all the units. Then the building complex is endowed with protean volumetric gestures. However, the overall design intention is ambiguous and brings about a sense of lifelessness for the building complex.

16 外景/Exterior view