馬爾蒂雷諾86號住宅，墨西哥城，墨西哥

建筑設計：弗里達·埃斯科韋多

1 外景/Exterior view

該項目的初衷源于對打破傳統垂直住宅空間組織限制的渴望。設計旨在擴大、模糊并激活公共和私人、內部和外部之間的領域，從而為居民之間的相遇創造新的和更豐富的的可能性。

設計團隊選擇將住宅單元劃分為兩個獨立的體量，這一決定受到“vecindad”的靈感啟發。“vecindad”可追溯到20 世紀初，是墨西哥一種常見的工人階級住房類型，家庭住宅位于戶外私人走廊式露臺的一側或兩側。這些露臺在熙攘的街道和家庭住宅之間作為過渡空間，并進一步充當著居民的聚集地。

設計團隊并沒有依靠陽臺來為居民提供私人外部空間，取而代之地選擇將住宅單元向內折疊，以形成一系列安靜的半遮蔽露臺，以更加模糊的方式協調室內外空間。

由此產生的單元集合體不再是普通意義上的公寓，還可以理解為多層“露臺住宅”，它們彼此交織，以確保最佳的自然采光和私密性。因此，雖然在內部每間住宅都與相鄰住宅區分隔，但建筑外部并非按部就班地反映內部情況，而是通過預制混凝土砌塊建造的起伏的外立面將整個項目整合在一起。當光影在混凝土表皮上游移時將泛起波光漣漪，產生令人眩目的效果。□（徐紫儀 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

地點/Location: Mexico City, Mexico

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Frida Escobedo

設計團隊/Design Team: Héctor Arce, Carlos Hernández,Valentina Merz. Javier Rocamonde, Antonio Zarco

結構設計/Structural Design: Carunti Ingenieria

施工/Construction: Ardantz

材料及結構/Material and Structure: 由Frida Escobedo 設計、Joben集團制造的混凝土屏和墻體+混凝土砌塊/Concrete veils and walls + Concrete blocks, designed by Frida Escobedo and produced by Grupo Joben

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2405m2

設計時間/Design Period: 2016.06-2017.05

建造時間/Construction Period: 2017.05-2018.11

繪圖/Drawings: Frida Escobedo

攝影/Photos: Rafael Gamo

From the outset, the design was informed by a desire to challenge the organisational limitations of the typical vertical housing block. The objective was to expand, to blur, to make more dynamic the realm between public and private, interior and exterior,thereby creating new and more diverse possibilities for encounter between residents.

We opted to divide the dwelling units between two separate volumes, a decision inspired by the"vecindad", a common working-class housing type in Mexico dating to the turn of the 20th century, in which family dwellings are arranged to be decorated with an open-air, private corridor-like patio on one or both sides. These patios serve as a transitional space between the bustling street and the family home, and further function as gathering places for residents.

Rather than relying on balconies to provide private exterior space for the residents, we instead opted to fold the housing units inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces that mediate the interior and exterior in a more ambiguous way.

The resulting units can perhaps be better understood not merely as apartments, but as multistorey "patio houses", which are intertwined, a compositional exercise intended to ensure the best natural lighting and privacy. Each dwelling is therefore distinct from the next, but rather than articulate this condition on the exterior, the entire project is united by a fa?ade of undulating, customfabricated concrete blocks. Light and shadow ripple as they move across the surface of this concrete veil,producing dazzling effects throughout the day. □

2 外景/Exterior view

3 首層平面/Ground floor plan

4 二層平面/First floor plan

7 露臺平面/Terraces plan

5 三層平面/Second floor plan

8 剖面/Section

6 四層平面/Third floor plan

9.10 剖面/Sections

11 鳥瞰/Aerial view

12 夜景/Night view

評論

范路：在該住宅項目中，建筑體量被劃分為兩個獨立的部分。這一做法受20世紀早期在墨西哥常見的“vecindad”住房類型的啟發。但此處卻做了空間形式上的反轉式應用。在傳統的“vecindad”中，住宅沿走廊式露臺排布，外部露臺是街道和家庭住宅之間的過渡，也是重要的公共交往空間。而在此項目中，住宅單元向內折疊，露臺空間也變得更安靜、更私密。因此，兩個體塊間街巷空間的輪廓變得十分平整，而掩蓋內部不同功能的一致性砌塊飾面處理，讓外部空間更具紀念性，卻少了日常生活的煙火氣息。

路璐：這是一個開發商投放市場的高級住宅項目，共九戶，一戶為越4層戶型，8戶為越兩層戶型（建筑面積121.62m2戶型售價180萬人民幣）。兩個獨立的體量均有堅實的墻體包裹，“鬧中取靜”，它們之間被抬高的“街道”巧妙地避讓了兩側的視線。9戶均有“街道”上的獨立入口，上層的4戶由3部獨立的室外樓梯進入。與20世紀初墨西哥工人階級住區類型“vecindad”的共生和共榮相對，這里只有21世紀墨西哥富裕階級住區的隔離和疏離。

Comments

FAN Lu: In the residential project of Mar Tirreno 86, the building volume is divided into two separate parts. This arrangement is inspired by the "vecindad",a common working-class housing type in Mexico in early 20th century, but it is used here in an inversive way. In traditional "vecindad", family dwellings arranged along open-air, private corridor-like patios which serve as transitional space between the bustling street and family home, and further function as gathering places for residents. While in this project, the housing units are folded inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces. Then the surface of the alley space between two volumes becomes quite smooth and is cladded with concrete blocks in a uniform way, which endows the external public space with a kind of monumentality and deprives it of some lively everydayness.

LU Lu: This is a high-grade housing project put into market by real estate developer, which consists of nine households: one as a four-floor unit and the other eight as two-floor units (in a floor area of 121.62 m2and at a price of 1.8 million RMB). Separated from each other, the two parts both are covered by solid wall and acquire quietness in a noisy neighborhood. The elevated "street"between the two parts skillfully avoids sight lines from both sides. All nine households are equipped with independent entrances toward the "street,"and the four households at upper level are connected with the street via three independent outdoor stairs. In contrast to the co-existence and common prosperity advocated by "vecindad" that is a residential area type for the working class of Mexico in the early 20th century, here is one separated and isolated residential area for the well-off class of Mexico in the 21st century.(Translated by QIAN Fang)

13 局部/Detailed view

14 外景/Exterior view