奧斯陸天梯
——挪威濱水文化中心設計競賽，挪威奧斯陸

朱文一

簡況

地點：挪威奧斯陸

時間：2019年2月至4月

主辦：https://startfortalents.net

項目：挪威濱水文化中心設計競賽

團隊：

主創(chuàng)建筑師：朱文一

成員：岳陽，卞一之

Facts

Location: Oslo, Norway

Time: February—April 2019

Host: https://startfortalents.net

Program: OsloCall - Cultural Center for Norvegian Waterfront

Design Team

Chief Architect: ZHU Wenyi

Team Member: YUE Yang, BIAN Yizhi

奧斯陸是北歐國家挪威的首都，其著名的濱水港灣也是各式先鋒建筑涌現(xiàn)之地。競賽地段選在活躍的港口濱水地帶，南接碼頭，北鄰防務博物館等老城區(qū)建筑。從奧斯陸老城區(qū)來看，地段處在奧斯陸城中心水陸區(qū)域地理中心，區(qū)位非常優(yōu)越。競賽要求參賽者完成規(guī)模為15,000m2的挪威濱水文化中心設計。朱文一工作室提交的“天梯”方案（圖1）在呼應老城空間、注重濱水可達、創(chuàng)造獨特空間等方面進行了探索。

第一，極佳的地理位置具有潛在的城市地標可能性。“天梯”狀設計方案高84m，充分考慮了從西北方向市政廳、從北面的歌劇院及東北面的“條形碼”街區(qū)、從南面隔海相望的胡夫島上的視覺體驗（圖2—圖5）。同時，位于“天梯”頂部的城市觀景臺又為市民和游客提供了360°俯瞰整座城市美景的機會。

第二，場地被碼頭上的建筑從東、西、南3個方向隔離，沒有直接臨水。而建筑的定位是濱水文化中心，“不濱水”的濱水文化中心如何設計？這是對建筑師提出的設計挑戰(zhàn)。“天梯”設計方案采用傾斜的線性建筑借力其南面的碼頭倉儲建筑，創(chuàng)造了新老建筑合體的新景觀。更為重要的是，長168m、寬21m、高84m的“天梯”巨構建筑，沿碼頭空間的自然肌理，向南延伸至海面，使建筑直接“濱水”（圖6）。挪威濱水文化中心名副其實。

第三，挪威濱水文化中心是公共性極強的建筑。“天梯”方案嘗試將建筑的公共性最大化。其最小的占地創(chuàng)造了盡可能大的地面廣場，其30°的傾斜角度使得建筑的屋頂成為一處面朝老城的臺階廣場，將地面廣場與臺階廣場連為一體。在建筑內(nèi)部則將各種功能房間與頂部的臺階和觀景平臺巧妙地結合在一起，并在室內(nèi)設置了斜向纜車作為無障礙和游客通往觀景平臺的通道（圖7）。

“天梯”方案嘗試挖掘和呈現(xiàn)奧斯陸濱水地區(qū)的場所特質(zhì)，并在此基礎上創(chuàng)造城市新景觀（圖8）。

圖1 / Figure 1“奧斯陸天梯”設計構思Concept of Oslo Ladder

圖2 / Figure 2“奧斯陸天梯”具有地理中心的潛質(zhì)Oslo Ladder as Geographic Center of the City Center

圖3 / Figure 3從市政廳看“奧斯陸天梯”A View of Oslo Ladder from Oslo City Hall

圖4 / Figure 4從奧斯陸歌劇院和“條形碼”街區(qū)方向看“奧斯陸天梯”A View of Oslo Ladder from Oslo Opera House and Barcode Project

圖6 / Figure 6作為濱水建筑的“奧斯陸天梯”O(jiān)slo Ladder as a Waterfront Building

圖7 / Figure 7公共空間最大化的“奧斯陸天梯”O(jiān)slo Ladder Maxmizing Publicity

圖5 / Figure 5從胡夫島方向看“奧斯陸天梯”A View of Oslo Ladder from Hoved island

圖8 / Figure 8“奧斯陸天梯”作為一種水景建筑新類型Oslo Ladder as a New Typology of Waterscape

Oslo is the capital of Norway in the Nordic countries, and its famous waterfront harbor is also home to a variety of pioneer architectures. The competition site is selected in the active port waterfront, south to the pier, and north to the old town building such as the Defense Museum. From the perspective of the old town of Oslo, the location is in the geographical center of the water and land area in the center of Oslo. The competition requires participants to complete the design of the Norwegian Waterfront Cultural Center. Proposal “Oslo Ladder” (Fig. 1) submited by ZHUWENYI Atelier was explored in the context of echoing the old city space, focusing on waterfront accessibility and creating unique spaces.

First, the excellent location has the potential for urban landmarks. The proposal “Oslo Ladder” is 84m high, taking into account the visual experience from the northwest direction of the City Hall,the Opera House in the north and the “barcode”project in the northeast, and the Hoved island from the south across the sea (Figure 2—5). At the same time, the city observation desk at the top of the“Oslo Ladder” provides citizens and visitors with an opportunity to 360° - overlook the entire city(Figure 6).

Second, the site is isolated from the east, west and south by the buildings on the dock, and there is no direct water. The function of the building is the waterfront cultural center. How to design the waterfront cultural center in the site where is “not waterfront”? This is a design challenge for architects. Looking like a sloping ladder, the “Oslo Ladder” leverages the southern storage building on the dock to create an unique landscape with new and old buildings. More importantly, the “Oslo Ladder”mega - structure with a length of 168m, a width of 21m and a height of 84m extends along the natural fabric of the dock space to the south, making the building directly “waterfront”. The Norwegian Waterfront Cultural Center is worthy of its name.

Third, the Norwegian Waterfront Cultural Center is a kind of highly public building. The “Oslo Ladder” attempts to maximize the publicity of the building. Its smallest footprint creates the largest possible ground plaza with a 30° angle of inclination that makes the roof of the building a terrace square facing the old town, connecting the ground plaza to the terrace plaza. Inside the building, all kinks of function rooms are cleverly combined with the terraces and the city observation decks,and a diagonal cable car is placed indoors for all to the city observation decks (Figure 7).

The proposal “Oslo Ladder” attempts to explore and present the spirit of the Oslo waterfront, and on this basis create a new typology of the waterscape(Figure 8).