Analysis of Waste in Hospital Public Environment and Its Impact on the Design of Waste Cans

王業興

The?garbage?bins?used?in?the?public?environment?will?not?be?as?life-friendly?as?the?general?garbage?bins （the?common?general?garbage?bins， i.e. 240L?garbage?bins， are?generally?classified?as?recyclable?garbage， kitchen?waste， harmful?garbage?and?other?garbage）. Generally?speaking， the?garbage?bins?used?in?public?environment?can?be?divided?into?two?forms： single?garbage?bins?combined?application?or?integrated?garbage?bins?classified?delivery.

Combinatorial?application?of?monolithic?garbage?bins?classified?delivery?of?integrated?garbage?bins

According?to?the?investigation?and?analysis?of?the?existing?public?environment?garbage?cans?on?the?market： in?the?case?of?the?combined?application?of?single?garbage?cans， it?is?generally?set?up?as 2-3 organic?combinations?of?single?garbage?cans?with?the?same?volume. Each?garbage?cans?collect?garbage?for?a?specific?type?of?garbage， and?distinguish?it?in?color?matching?or?labeling; the?overall?classification?and?delivery?of?garbage?cans?is?generally?symmetrical. Different?kinds?of?garbage?are?collected?at?the?delivery?port. Some?products?make?special?shape?adjustments?for?harmful?garbage， and?reserve?some?space?for?harmful?garbage?storage?in?the?middle.

In?the?public?environment， no?matter?which?form?of?layout?is?used， the?garbage?bins?are?generally?classified?according?to?three?types?of?garbage： recyclable?garbage， non-recyclable?garbage?and?harmful?garbage.

The?specific?classification?of?the?three?kinds?of?garbage?is?as?follows：

Recyclable?garbage：

It?mainly?includes?waste?paper， plastic， glass， metal?and?cloth.

Non-recyclable?garbage：

Kitchen?Waste

It?includes?food?waste?such?as?leftovers， bones， roots， leaves?and?peels.

Other?Waste

Including?brick?and?tile?ceramics， residue， toilet?waste?paper， paper?towels?and?other?hard-to-recycle?wastes， as?well?as?fruit?shells?and?dust， in?addition?to?the?above?types?of?garbage.

Toilet?paper

Toilet?paper?and?toilet?paper?dissolve?in?water， which?is?not?a?recyclable "paper". Similarly， there?are?pottery， cigarette?boxes?and?so?on.

dust

In?the?classification?of?garbage， dust?belongs?to "other?garbage"， but?the?remaining?branches?and?leaves?belong?to "kitchen?garbage"， including?flowers?in?the?house.

Toxic?and?harmful?waste

Contains?heavy?metals， toxic?substances?that?are?harmful?to?human?health， or?wastes?that?pose?real?or?potential?hazards?to?the?environment. Including?batteries， fluorescent?lamps， bulbs， mercury?thermometers， paint?barrels， some?household?appliances， expired?drugs， expired?cosmetics， etc. These?garbage?are?usually?recycled?or?landfilled?separately.

As?far?as?the?hospital?environment?is?concerned， the?survey?is?as?follows：

Besides?the?garbage?produced?in?medical?work?environment， the?main?garbage?in?hospital?public?environment?mainly?includes?the?following?kinds?of?garbage?and?the?situation?of?garbage?generation：

Waste?paper： A?large?number?of?printed?papers?produced?by?queuing?for?tickets?and?registration?in?hospitals?and?printing?receipts?of?various?document?boxes?are?ineffective?and?become?a?relatively?large?group?of?garbage?after?receiving?medicine?or?treatment; newspapers?waiting?for?medical?treatment?and?paper?packaging?of?medicines?also?produce?a?lot?of?waste?paper?garbage.

Plastics： Plastic?bags?are?commonly?used?for?filling?medicines， medical?records?and?other?articles?in?hospital?patients， and?the?daily?use?rate?of?plastic?bags?is?very?high， so?plastic?bags?are?relatively?common?garbage. In?addition， considering?the?plastic?packaging?of?some?medicines?and?medical?supplies， disposable?plastic?tableware?and?plastic?mineral?water?bottles?produced?by?medical?staff?during?meals， they?also?account?for?the?volume. Specific?weight?of?garbage.

Toilet?paper： Paper?towels?and?toilet?paper?belong?to?non-recyclable?garbage?because?of?their?strong?water?solubility. Considering?the?public's?alertness?to?hospital?environmental?hygiene?and?the?routine?use?of?toilet?paper， the?proportion?of?this?kind?of?waste?will?not?be?very?small.

Others： Other?types?of?garbage?include?glass?products， metals， fabrics， batteries， etc. They?are?less?likely?to?occur?and?can?not?be?used?as?a?substantive?basis?for?influencing?the?volume?ratio?of?garbage?bins?in?hospital?areas.

In?summary， the?main?garbage?in?hospital?public?environment?was?classified?and?sorted?out. The?results?are?as?follows：

Public?Environmental?Dustbin?of?Jinan?Five?Courts （Indoor?Part）

Public?Environmental?Dustbin?of?Jinan?Children's?Hospital?（Indoor?Part）

In?terms?of?garbage?types， recyclable?garbage （waste?paper， plastic） > non-recyclable?garbage （toilet?paper） > harmful?garbage;

In?terms?of?garbage?volume， recyclable?garbage （waste?paper， plastic） > non-recyclable?garbage （toilet?paper） > harmful?garbage.

Therefore， without?considering?the?cost?of?the?mould， combined?with?the?actual?factors?of?garbage?bin?assembly （recyclable?and?non-recyclable?garbage?volume?relationship?can?not?be?too?different， in?order?to?avoid?misleading?publicity?and?some?special?hospital?environment?is?not?suitable， the?inner?tank?of?the?two?garbage?cans?should?also?be?easy?to?place）. According?to?the?specific?situation?of?the?hospital?environment， the?volume?of?garbage?cans?can?be?adjusted?as?follows. Recyclable?garbage?（60%） > non-recyclable?garbage （30%） > hazardous?garbage?（10%）. As?a?basis?for?adjusting?the?volume?relationship?of?the?internal?gallbladder?of?the?public?environmental?waste?bin?in?hospitals.

In?the?specific?design?process?of?hospital?public?environment?garbage?bin?products， we?should?adjust?the?volume?relationship?according?to?the?actual?situation?and?design?requirements.