冷臺干凍法在病理切片中的應用

吳王飛 顧蕓

摘要：目的 ?探討如何提高常規病理切片質量的技術和方法，防止組織冷凍過度影響切片質量及蠟塊水分的進入。方法 ?收集2017年3月～12月南京市婦幼保健院病理科常規制片中的蠟塊4000個，每日選取類似的組織隨機平均分為兩組：濕凍法組共2000個蠟塊都使用傳統規范的冷臺冷凍法進行制片;干凍法組共2000個蠟塊，切片時都將蠟塊反過來進行冷臺冷凍法制片。對比兩組制片的效果及切片質量不良發生率。結果 ?干凍法組制片中各組織切片完整、厚薄均勻，無裂隙、皺褶且蠟塊組織表面無水分的進入。而濕凍法組中有一些組織切面不完整，有裂隙和顫痕，且切片的時候蠟塊組織表面易有水分的進入，蠟塊組織表面時有發白現象，尤其是以宮內物以及一些含血較多的組織比較明顯。干凍法組切片質量不良發生率低于濕凍法組（1.90% vs 7.80%），差異具有統計學意義（P<0.05）。結論 ?使用冷臺“干凍法”進行制片更好的提高了切片的質量，而且有效的避免了蠟塊組織水分的進入，保證了切片質量和蠟塊的保存。

關鍵詞：干凍法;冷臺;切片;質量分析

中圖分類號：R197.39 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.18.062

文章編號：1006-1959（2019）18-0175-03

Abstract：Objective ?To explore techniques and methods for improving the quality of conventional pathological sections to prevent tissue freezing from affecting the quality of the sections and the moisture ingress of the wax blocks. Methods ?A total of 4000 wax blocks were collected from the routine preparations of the Department of Pathology， Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March to December 2017. The daily average of similar tissues was randomly divided into two groups： 2000 freezers were used. The traditional standard cold table freezing method is used for tableting; the dry freezing method group has a total of 2000 wax blocks， and the wax blocks are reversely processed for cold plate freezing. The effect of the two groups of tablets and the incidence of poor slice quality were compared. Results ?The tissue sections in the dry frozen method were intact， uniform in thickness， free of cracks， wrinkles and no moisture on the surface of the wax block. However， some tissues in the wet freezing method are incomplete， with cracks and trembling marks， and the surface of the wax block is easy to enter when the slice is formed， and the surface of the wax block is whitish， especially in the uterus. And some tissues with more blood are more obvious. The incidence of poor quality of the dry frozen group was lower than that of the wet frozen group （1.90% vs 7.80%），the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion ?The use of cold table "dry freeze method" for tableting better improves the quality of the slice， and effectively avoids the entry of wax block tissue moisture， ensuring the quality of the slice and the preservation of the wax block.