大學(xué)英語(yǔ)中的合作學(xué)習(xí)

高菲

Abstract：Most?of?the?English?lessons?in?college?school?are?being?taught?in?traditional?teacher-centered?way?which?can?not?adapt?to?the?situation?of?rapid?enrollment?expansion.?In?the?author’s?opinion?a?new?learning?patten?should?be?developed?to?cooperate?with?the?enrollment?situation?that?is?cooperative?learning?method?with?its?task?to?improve?the?efficiency?of?learning?and?stimulate?students’?potentials.

Key?words：cooperative?learning;method;the?principles

Ⅰ.The?Importance?of?Cooperative?Learning?Method?in?College?English?Study

Cooperative?learning?is?to?fulfil?a?same?target?by?cooperating?with?other?group?members.?It?is?a?effective?way?to?learn?English?and?stimulate?the?students.?And?make?the?students?learn?English?actively.?Cooperative?learning?originates?from?America?in?1970s?and has?substantial?changes?after?it.?In?China?the?resolution?of?the?State?Council?also?points?out?that?we?should?encourage?cooperative?learning?and?to?promote?interaction?among?students.

The?theories?about?cooperative?learning：In?the?western?countries?Aristotle，Plato，Marcus?Aurelius，Thomas?Aquinas?has?pointed?out?the?cooperative?learning?method.?Aristotle?thinks?that?creating?a?cooperative?and?relaxed?school?atmosphere?can?inspire?people’s?nature?of?seeking?knowledge?and?it?is?good?for?them?to?develop?their?potential.?Comenius，the?great?educator，has?stated?clearly?in?his?book?that?the?students?can?not?only?learn?from?teachers?but?also?from?other?students.?During?the?period?of?Enlightenment，Rousseau，F(xiàn)rance，Locke，the?United?Kingdom，Jefferson?and?Benjamin?Franklin，the?United?States，had?pointed?out?the?idea?of?cooperation.

Cooperative?learning?is?the?learning?environment?that?students?learn?together?in?the?group?in?order?to?achieve?a?common?goal.?English?as?a?kind?of?language，we?must?practice?more?so?as?to?remember?it.?Cooperative?learning?can?provide?a?good?learning?environment?for?us.

Ⅱ.?The?Specific?Method?of?This?Measure

Students?develop?their?activities?generally?through?discussion，debate，expression，listening?and?participation?in?practice.?In?order?to?improve?the?effectiveness?of?cooperation，we?must?attach?importance?to?cooperation?in?skills?development.

2.1?learn?to?listen

While?someone?is?expressing?his?idea?the?others?should?listen?to?him?without?interrupting?and?then?one?can?demonstrate?his?judgement?or?express?your?compliments，origional?ideas?etc.?Training?like?this?can?make?them?get?the?habit?of?listening，maintain?the?quality?of?respect.?This?may?do?a?great?favor?to?students’?whole?lives.

2.2?Learn?to?discuss

Students?should?base?co-discussion，inter-?enlightening?on?thinking?independently?for?the?sake?of?reaching?the?learning?destination.?Students?may?show?each?other’s?opinion，change?ideas，express?cooments，give?complements，rectify?or?improve?the?ideas.?If?there?are?something?difficult?they?can?turn?to?teachers?or?professors?for?help.

2.3?Learn?to?express

Good?communication?and?self-expressing?can’t?do?without?language?using.?Teachers?ought?to?provide?enough?time?and?space?for?them?to?improve?the?ability?of?speaking?and?get?the?habit?of?listening，thinking，judging，selecting?and?provide?complements?for?others.?Much?attention?should?be?taken?into?practise，for?as?English?learners：Practice?makes?perfect.?Good?oral?language?and?sense?of?language?are?based?on?days?and?years?of?repetition.

Listening?and?speaking?is?the?basic?skill?of?cooperation，it’s?developed?through?discussion?and?exploration?on?the?basis?of?thinking?independently.?Students?in?cooperative?learning?help?each?other，inspire?each?other?so?as?to?achieve?the?target?of?learning?complement?and?promote?the?independent?development?of?students.

2.4?Learn?to?organise

The?success?of?cooperation?depends?largely?on?the?group's?organizer：the?organizer?divide?the?duties?to?everyone，help?them?evaluate，etc.?In?addition，one?can?offer?regular?training，timely?replacement?of?the?organizers.?At?last，the?efficiency?of?cooperative?learning?is?improved?through?training?meanwhile?a?solid?foundation?for?the?future?is?laid.

2.5?Learn?to?evaluate

Evaluation?is?of?highly?importance?in?learning?activities，not?only?including?the?evaluation?of?teachers?but?also?the?evaluation?between?students，self-evaluation，the?evaluation?of?students?to?teachers.?Students?ought?to?have?the?ability?of?studying?independently?and?learning?consciously.

Ⅲ.?Varied?ways?of?group?learning

No?wonder?that?cooperative?learning?method?can?arouse?students’?interest?in?English?and?encourage?them?to?learn?from?each?other.?Therefore，I?had?to?find?other?ways，which?may?keep?their?interest?in?this?type?of?work.?They?may?do?as?followings：1）Find?more?interesting?topics，The?students?will?be?assigned?to?prepare?for?the?news?report?or?to?fulfill?some?specific?tasks，such?as?exchange?information?or?solve?the?problems?in?pairs?or?groups.?Furthermore，they?will?have?the?opportunity?to?do?some?challenge?tasks?like?playing?the?role?of?the?teacher.?2）Using?varied?ways?in?group?learning.?In?addition?to?discussing?in?groups，the?students?may?participate?in?other?class?activities?like?self-represent，role-play?or?reports?in?teams?or?for?the?whole?class，depending?on?the?different?tasks.?The?students?can?report?some?international?affairs?both?at?home?and?abroad.?3）Employing?the?computers?or?Internet?to?help?with?the?group?learning，they?can?perform?the?pattern?of?group?work?in?the?language?lab?with?help?of?computers.?The?students?may?discuss?in?group?through?the?earphones?or?just?express?their?opinions?towards?the?microphone?before?them.

Ⅳ.Conclusion

Above?all，cooperative?learning?method?can?do?a?favor?to?most?of?the?students.?It?can?stimulate?their?learning?interest，improve?their?competence?of?learning?and?using?English.?It?can?also?enhance?the?spirit?of?cooperation?between?students?and?the?sense?of?competition.?But?it?is?just?a?method.?Only?if?the?students?do?as?the?requisition?and?participate?in?the?process?can?the?English?really?be?improved.

Ⅴ.BIBLIOGRAPHY

參考文獻(xiàn)

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[2]??高艷，陳麗，尤天貞.?山東教育科研，《關(guān)于合作學(xué)習(xí)的元分析》，2001（10）

[3]??黃謹(jǐn).?《合作學(xué)習(xí)理論介紹》，鄭金洲主編《合作學(xué)習(xí)》，人教網(wǎng)，2007（4）

[4]??劉興.?大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中合作學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用研究，中國(guó)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)（下半月），2007（2）：236.