秋千影
《習近平談治國理政》中的第五部分集中論述建設法治中國。應該說,倡導依法治國是政治文明的一種體現。今天,我們一起探討與“法治”相關的英文翻譯。
日常情況下,“法治”大概可以簡單表述為the principle of government by law;但嚴格來說,“法治”對應的英文術語應該是the rule of law,《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》給出了后者的釋義:the condition in which all members of society, including its rulers, accept the authority of the law,例如:
1. 原文:在全社會弘揚社會主義法治精神
譯文:foster socialist rule of law throughout society
點評:弘揚法治精神的實質就是推進法治,故斯譯。
很多情況下,“法治”就是“依法治國”的簡稱,例如:
2. 原文:全面建成小康社會對依法治國提出了更高要求。
譯文:Our efforts to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects presuppose a higher demand for the rule of law.
在中國,除了法治,我們也倡導德治,正如習總書記所說:“要堅持依法治國和以德治國相結合……做到法治和德治相輔相成,相互促進。”We should integrate the rule of law with rule by virtue…and ensure that the rule of law and rule by virtue complement and reinforce each other.
當然,除了the rule of law,有時候根據語境,也可以使用其他方式,例如:
3. 原文:堅持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設,不斷開創依法治國新局面
譯文:develop a law-based country, government and society simultaneously, and thereby bring the rule of law to a new stage
點評:“法治國家”的本質意義大概應以法律為基礎,如此表述,倒也簡潔貼切, 避免同一語詞在同一英文句中重復使用。
此外,根據《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》,law and order也可以表示“法治”,其釋義如下:a situation in which people obey the law and behave in a peaceful way。不過,這個短語較之于the rule of law,更多強調的一種法治環境,更傾向于表示我們平常所說的“治安” ,例如:maintain law and order 維持治安。