【譯題】制定成功之路：美國STEM教育戰略（六）

Pathways to Success（Ⅳ）

Operate with Transparency and Accountability

Transparency requires that the Federal agencies share how they are maximizing outcomes of Federal STEM investments and activities in support of this plan and ensuring broad? benefit? to? the public.

This pathway lays out the interagency efforts to create the capabilities and infrastructure necessary to achieve transparency and accountability and thereby maximize benefits to the public of Federal STEM education policies and investments. There are five objectives under this pathway：

●Leverage and Scale Evidence-Based Practices Across STEM Communities

Evidence on what STEM education programs and practices work for whom and under what conditions can be found across a range of studies， from early knowledge-generating studies， to design and development projects， to rigorous impact evaluations and full-scale implementation of programs， policies， or practices.

After a promising STEM education program， practice， or policy is identified， Federal agencies should build on the existing evidence base and leverage agency resources and funding mechanisms， as available， to scale and implement it more broadly.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include： Broadly identify and disseminate effective STEM education programs， practices， and policies， including preK-12 formal and informal， undergraduate， graduate， and lifelong learning.

●Report Participation Rates of Underrepresented Groups

In serving the American public， Federal agencies have a responsibility to provide broad access to their programs and to be accountable for ensuring that Federal activities are fully open and accessible to all members of the population. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Establish a clear baseline of current status that includes the number of agencies/programs that currently report demographic information， current participation rates of members of underrepresented/underserved groups， and documentation of agencies’ commitment to broadening participation.

·Set goals for improved reporting， particularly for formal and longer-term programs such as those that provide support towards earning a degree.

·Develop a pathway to improved tracking and reporting， with milestones.

●Use Common Metrics to Measure Progress

Developing and implementing common metrics and shared measures for tracking progress towards the attainment of the goals set forth in this plan are essential to realizing the goals of cross-agency coordination and accountability in STEM education and being responsive to legislative requirements.

A number of actions are proposed throughout this plan. In the implementation phase of the plan， agencies will work together to develop appropriate metrics for tracking progress towards the goals and objectives， taking into account the variable nature of Federal programs， investments， and activities. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Consistently use and report current metrics for assessing the effectiveness of Federal STEM education programs， investments， and activities.

·Develop and report additional metrics needed to measure progress towards the objectives presented in this strategic plan.

●Make Program Performance and Outcomes Publicly Available

Achieving transparency requires not only common metrics that underscore how different agencies’ initiatives complement and support the achievement of the Nation’s STEM education goals， but also a commitment to coordinated communication about agencies’ programs and their effects on STEM literacy， workforce development， and diversity in STEM. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Inventory and disseminate examples and templates， best practices， and lessons learned for effectively sharing program performance， data， and outcomes with stakeholders.

·Provide a public resource for monitoring Federal program performance and outcomes， such as a dashboard that visually tracks， analyzes， and displays common performance metrics.

●Develop a Federal Implementation Plan and Track Progress

Under the guidance of the FC-STEM Subcommittee， the Federal agencies engaged in STEM education will collaborate to develop a consolidated implementation plan， including additional actions to achieve the goals and objectives described in this strategic plan.

In order to facilitate the development of this interagency implementation plan， an interagency group will be convened shortly after the publication of this plan to develop an implementation template for agencies to provide the information required. Using this template， the member agencies will provide to FC-STEM their agency-specific information to be incorporated into the overall Federal implementation plan. The implementation plan is intended to be a living document， with updates by FC-STEM as needed.

譯文

通往成功的道路（四）

建立信息高度透明和問責制的管理制度

信息高度透明的管理制度要求聯邦機構分享如何最大限度地提高聯邦STEM投資和活動成果，以支持該計劃，并確保廣泛造福于公眾。

這條途徑列出了聯邦政府各機構間為實現信息高度透明和問責制所需的能力和基礎設施所做的努力，從而使聯邦政府的STEM教育政策和投資更有效地服務于公眾，真正實現利益最大化。為此還專門提出五個子目標：

●開展STEM領域基于證據的研究及實踐

從早期的知識生成研究，到設計和開發項目，再到嚴格的影響評估和項目、政策或實踐的全面實施，聯邦政府可以通過一系列研究找到STEM教育項目和實踐在何種條件下為誰工作的證據。

在確定一個有前途的STEM教育項目、實踐或政策之后，聯邦機構應該在現有證據的基礎上，利用現有的機構資源和資助機制，擴大并更廣泛地實施它。

為了達到該目標，聯邦政府需要廣泛確定和傳播有效的STEM教育項目、實踐和政策，包括K-12正式和非正式、本科、研究生和終身學習。

●跟蹤不同群體接受STEM教育的參與率

在為美國公眾服務的過程中，聯邦機構有責任為其項目提供廣泛的訪問渠道，確保聯邦活動完全開放，并向所有公民開放。為了達到這個目標，聯邦政府需要：

·建立明確的現狀基線，包括目前報告人口統計信息的機構或方案的數量、代表不足或服務不足群體成員的當前參與率，以及機構承諾擴大參與的文件記錄。

·為改進報告設定目標，特別是那些正式的和長期的項目，比如那些為獲得學位提供支持的項目。

·制定改進跟蹤和報告的途徑，并設置里程碑。

●制定通用標準規范管理項目進度

為了實現STEM教育中的跨部門協調和問責制，并符合國家立法要求，制定和實施共同的度量標準和措施，以跟蹤實現本計劃中所列出目標的進展情況，是至關重要的。

在整個計劃中提出了若干行動。在計劃的實施階段，各機構將考慮到聯邦計劃、投資和活動的可變性質，共同制定適當的指標，以跟蹤實現目標的進展情況。為了達到這個目標，聯邦政府需要：

·始終如一地使用和報告當前評估聯邦STEM教育項目、投資和活動有效性的指標。

·制定并報告額外的度量標準，以衡量在實現本戰略計劃中提出的目標方面的進展。

●公開STEM項目績效和成果

實現信息高度透明不僅需要強調不同機構的舉措如何補充和支持實現國家STEM教育目標中的共同指標，還需要承諾就機構項目及其對STEM素養、勞動力發展和STEM多樣性的影響進行協調溝通。為了達到這個目標，聯邦政府需要：

·為有效地與利益相關者共享項目性能、數據和結果，盤點并傳播示例和模板、最佳實踐和經驗教訓。

·提供用于監視聯邦計劃性能和結果的公共資源，例如一個儀表板，它可以可視化地跟蹤、分析和顯示常見的性能指標。

●制定聯邦實施計劃并跟蹤進度

在STEM教育協作特別小組委員會的指導下，從事STEM教育的聯邦機構，將合作制定綜合實施計劃，包括為實現本戰略計劃中描述的目標和為了達到這些目標而采取的額外行動。

為了促進這一機構間執行計劃的擬訂，將在該計劃公布后不久召集一個機構間小組會議，為各機構擬定一個執行模板，以提供所需信息。利用這個模板，各成員機構將向STEM教育協作特別小組提供其特定機構的信息，以納入整個聯邦實施計劃。實施計劃將是一個活的文件，并根據需要由STEM教育協作特別小組進行更新。