袁紀輝
摘 ? 要:大數據的發展歷程可劃分為萌芽階段、發展階段、爆發階段和成熟階段四個階段。因依賴于堅持尊重學科發展規律、科學需求雙輪驅動、學科交叉、寬容失敗、安全保障等原則,大數據在技術維度和產業維度都獲得茁壯發展,后期持續在自身定位、應用方向、數據安全、社會保障等方面深入探索。面對我國“政策支持、環境改善,應用領跑、前景看好”的大數據發展現狀,我國應樹立理性務實可持續的發展理念,加強基礎扎實創新多維的原創研究,探索網絡主權為綱的數據跨境模式,打造供需對接的數據共享格局,建立協同高效的數據安全保障體系,建立他律輔助自律的產業監管生態。
關鍵詞:大數據;網絡主權;數據跨境
中圖分類號:D90 ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A
Abstract: The development process of big data can be divided into four stages: budding stage, developing stage, exploding stage and mature stage. Due to reliance on adherence to the principles of respect for development laws of discipline, two-wheel drive of scientific needs, interdisciplinary nature, tolerance for failure, and guarantee safety, big data has developed vigorously in both technical and industrial dimensions, and continues to explore self-position, application direction, data security, and social security in the future. Facing the status quo of big data development in China, “policy support, environmental improvement, application leadership, and promising prospects”, China should establish a rational, pragmatic and sustainable development concept, strengthen the innovative multidimensional original research with solid foundation, explore data sovereignty as the key link of cross-border data model, create a data sharing pattern of supply and demand docking, establish a coordinated and efficient data security system, and build an industrial supervision ecology with self-discipline assisting by external disciplines.
Key words: big data;internet sovereignty; data cross-border
1 引言
黨的十八大以來,習近平總書記把創新擺在國家發展全局的核心位置,把推進經濟數字化作為實現創新發展的重要動能。習近平總書記強調,當前以互聯網、大數據、區塊鏈、人工智能為代表的新一代信息技術日新月異,給各國經濟社會發展、國家管理、社會治理、人民生活帶來重大而深遠的影響,中國要高度重視大數據發展,要通過大數據進行產業創新、打造數字經濟、提升國家治理水平、改善民生以及保障國家數據安全[1]。
1980年,阿爾文·托夫勒正式提出“大數據”一詞,標志著大數據學科的誕生。但是,像以往的用語創造者一樣,托夫勒并沒有賦予“大數據”一詞如今的豐富內涵。20世紀90年代,大數據概念由SGI公司首席科學家John Mashey進行明確?!?br>