suppose一詞于15世紀初期進入英語,直接源自古法語的supposer,意為“假設”。在當代美語語料庫( Corpus of Contemporary American English)的詞頻統(tǒng)計中,suppose處于第2180位,是常用英語詞匯。在英國大文豪莎士比亞的悲劇《特洛伊勒斯與克芮絲德》(Troilus andCressida)中,特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(Trojan War)希臘軍隊統(tǒng)帥阿伽門農(nóng)(Agamemnon)對希臘王子說道:“Nor, princes, is it matter new to us/That we come short of our suppose so far/That afterseven years siege yet Troy walls stand.”此處的suppose用其本意“假設”,表示長達七年的圍攻之后仍未能攻破特洛伊,遠超出其預期( come short of our suppose)。
在日常英語中,suppose的使用比較靈活,也是高考的常考詞匯。下面我們主要從語法結構的角度對suppose的用法做一個全面的梳理。
一、suppose后接賓語從句
1.You dont suppose (that) they forgot about meeting us.do you?你不會覺得他們忘了要和我們見面吧?(suppose后接賓語從句)
2.I dont suppose for a minute that hell agree.我認為他根本就不會同意。(此處suppose用法與think、believe等相近,賓語從句中的否定意義轉移到主句)
3.We dont suppose he will pay,will he?我們認為他不會付錢,是不是?(反意疑問句與賓語從句保持一致)
4.-Will you be going with them? -Yes,I suppose so.——你會和他們?nèi)幔俊蚁胛視#╯uppose用于簡略答語中,so代替了一個肯定的賓語從句,意為“我想是這樣的”。)
5.-Im not sure if she is coming. -I suppose not.——我不確定她來不來。——我猜她不來。 (not代替一個否定的賓語從句,意為“我想不會”。)
6. We had supposed that we would be able to see more of Stratford-upon-Avon, but time didnot permit,我們本打算多參觀一會莎士比亞的故鄉(xiāng)的,但時間不允許。(had supposed通常表示“未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望”,意為“本來打算”,hope、expect、mean、.intend等詞也有相似的用法。)
二、suppose后接賓補結構
1.Everyone supposes him to be poor,but actually he is very rich.所有人都以為他很窮,但實際上他很有錢。(動詞不定式或形容詞作賓補)
2.I suppose these cultural relics(文物)to have been lost during the war.我為文物是在戰(zhàn)時丟失的。(suppose引導賓補結構)
3.I suppose it my duty to help those in poverty.我認為幫助窮人是我的職責。(名詞作賓補)
4. The zoologists suppose the escaped puma still in the countrvside, where it is easier for itto prey.動物學家認為逃跑的美洲豹仍然游蕩在鄉(xiāng)村。(介詞短語作賓補)
三、短語be supposed to的用法
be supposed to后接動詞原形。主語為人時,意為“應該、被期望”,可以用來表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等意思;主語為物時,意為“本應、本該”,用來表示某事本應該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生;該短語還可以用來表示“被認為是、被相信是”。……