小議任務型閱讀解題技巧

任務型閱讀是江蘇高考卷的一個重要組成部分，它既考查了學生的閱讀理解能力，又考查了學生對基礎知識和基礎語言的運用能力。我們需要完成10個空格的填詞任務，這10個空格所需填寫的詞匯包含信息查找、信息轉換以及信息概括三種主要情況。要高效完成這一題型的解答，我們可以遵循以下幾個重要的答題步驟：

一、看圖表（Read）：利用圖表結構和內容幫助理解短文，把握短文的主題思想和理清短文的主體結構。

二、讀文章（Scan）& 找細節（Find）：通讀、細讀和復讀文章，分析、理順表格線索，尋找確定答案的關鍵詞語。

三、填單詞（Fill）：書寫工整、語言規范，注意同一級欄目下詞形的一致性以及字母的大小寫。

在日常學習中，我們需要從以下幾方面為該題型做準備：

1. 首先要積累并掌握常用的概括性的詞匯（部分）：definition， introduction， theme， conclusion， evaluation， comparison， reason， cause， result， effect， consequence， advice， suggestion， tip， measure， solution， way （to do / of doing）， approach （to sth.或doing）， feature， characteristic， benefit， advantage， disadvantage， differences， similarities， types， kinds， purpose， aim， etc.

2. 我們還要注意表達的切換及詞匯的變形，如：

belong to the club—a member / one of the members of the club; object to—was opposed to—oppose—in opposition to; cant be accepted—be unacceptable; miss our homeland and family—homesick; be addicted to—be hooked on; didnt respond to—made no response to—said nothing in response to...; accompany sb.—keep sb. company; accuse... of...—charge... with...; cant （help / choose） but do—have no alternative / choice but to do...; apply to...—make an application to...; an approach to doing...—a way to do / of doing; approve of—subscribe to—in favor of—support; be beneficial to—be of benefit to—benefit...; be determined to do—be bent on doing...; go aboard...—go on board...—board...; be bored with—be tired of—be fed up with; do sth. with caution—do sth. cautiously; do sth. with enthusiasm—do sth. enthusiastically; Its likely that—The chance is that / Chances are that—There is a chance （are chances） that...—Theres possibility / probability that...; compared to / with—in comparison with...; compensate for—make up for; congratulate sb. on sth.—show / express congratulations to sb. on sth.; as a result—in consequence; consist of—be made up of—be composed of; agree with—correspond with / to—be consistent with; deserve to be praised—deserve praising; tell the difference between...and...—tell / distinguish between...and...—tell / distinguish... from...—tell... apart—make the distinction between...and...; divorce sb.—got divorced from sb.; face sth.—be faced with sth.; do good to—be good for...; be merciful to—have mercy on—show mercy to...; have prejudice against—be prejudiced against; like sth. better—prefer sth.—have a preference for...; a little—slightly; thank sb.—be grateful to sb.; draw near—around the corner; dont know...—have no idea / knowledge of...; get on ones knees—kneel down; be discovered—come to light; occur to sb.—strike sb.; get over difficulties—overcome difficulties; participate in—join in—take part in; improve—polish up; delay—put off—postpone; take pride in—be proud of; deliberately—on purpose—by design; turn ones dream into reality—realize ones dream; reflect on—think about; look like sb.—resemble sb.; be protected by—under the umbrella of...; make a summary of...—summarize...; be superior to—be better than; ones cup of tea—to ones taste; tend to do—have a tendency to do...; be tired—be worn out; be worth doing—be worthy of being done / to be done—doing sth. is worthwhile。

3. 動詞轉化成名詞，表示人的名詞常加er，有時加or，如：

survivor， creator， calculator， investor， investigator， instructor， visitor， negotiator， inspector， educator， operator， communicator等。

4. 我們還應注意一些常用的加前綴的詞，如：unequal / inequality; improper; inappropriate; insufficient; dishonest（y）; uncomfortable; discomfort; un（dis）satisfied; dissatisfaction等。

相對近幾年任務型閱讀的難度，2018年此種題型難度平穩，是整套試卷較難的部分，要想拿高分需要較扎實的基本功和變通能力。只要我們在平時的學習過程中注意擴充詞匯量，不斷積累詞形轉換以及同義、近義詞和短語，并將解題技巧巧妙運用，要在任務型閱讀這一題型上取得高分還是不成問題的。

（作者：姜加琴，江蘇省海安市實驗中學）