以問題，促效率

江蘇省啟東市大江中學(xué) 錢莉莉

課堂提問是師生互動(dòng)的過程。教師要精心設(shè)計(jì)問題，激發(fā)學(xué)生的思維。

一、設(shè)計(jì)好課堂導(dǎo)入

對(duì)于導(dǎo)入階段，教師應(yīng)創(chuàng)設(shè)貼近學(xué)生實(shí)際生活、發(fā)人深思的問題，激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和自我表現(xiàn)欲。

例如：M3U3Reading，設(shè)計(jì) ①What are the f our ancient civilized nations？ ②What are the seven wonders of the world？

例 如 ：M1U3Reading，Dying to be thin…教師也可根據(jù)課文的標(biāo)題展開討論，讓學(xué)生猜測(cè)這個(gè)標(biāo)題的兩個(gè)意思，把握作者的寫作意圖和思想傾向。

①She is eager to be thin.②What she did caused great harm to her health.She took some weight-loss pills，which made her dying.

二、設(shè)計(jì)多樣化細(xì)節(jié)理解題

教育家達(dá)尼洛夫主張把教師的講授與學(xué)生的積極思維結(jié)合起來，設(shè)計(jì)“教師提出問題——學(xué)生積極獨(dú)立活動(dòng)——教師把學(xué)生引入下一個(gè)新問題”的教學(xué)模式，設(shè)計(jì)的問題應(yīng)該是實(shí)質(zhì)性問題，抓住“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”的關(guān)鍵性內(nèi)容。

例如M2U2Reading，可設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)理解題 Para1：True or f alse

(1)Toby plans to spend a f ew weeks travelling bef ore he went to university.

(2)Af ter the trip to Af rica，Colin will go to university.

Para 2：Answer the questions

(1)Where they will start the trip：____

(2)When they will start the trip：____

（3）Where they will like to go：___

(4)How they will go there：_____

(5)What things they would like to take with them：__

Para 3：Answer questions

(1)What others will the writer try？

(2)What is white-water raf ting like？

(3)How they will protect them selves？

三、設(shè)計(jì)主旨大意和作者意圖題

主旨大意是考查學(xué)生的全面理解能力，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生尋找主題句，概括和歸納文章大意及中心思想。學(xué)生要從整體上來權(quán)衡語篇的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)事實(shí)陳述，找出串聯(lián)全文的線索。

M3U3 Reading，according to the last sentence， what is the author’s feeling about the loss of Loulan？

M3U3Reading可設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)問題：Do you think it is important to protect cultural heritage？ Why or why not？Do you have any suggestions on how to protect it？

四、設(shè)計(jì)推理判斷題

例如：While we’ve known the protective role that healthy social relations play，the results of this study suggest that social relations are actually more like a double-edged sword，as they can also be destructive when unhealthy，said Dr Simon Rego，the director of Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

我可以設(shè)計(jì)這樣的推理判斷題：

The underlined part in Paragraph4 means social relations_________.

A.Do more harm than good

B.May bring stress sometimes

C.Affect people’s lives greatly

D.Are the main reason f or early death

推理判斷題常用的信息詞：inf er，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude等

推理判斷題常用的問題：

1.The passage suggests/implies that____.

2.It can be concluded f rom the passage that____.

3.The paragraph f ollowing the passage will most probably be__

4.The writer’s attitude towards.is

五、根據(jù)閱讀材料，設(shè)計(jì)summary or task-based reading

例如：M2U3Project

Brief_____to Yang Liwei 1.Yang is the first Chinese____to pilot a spacecraf t.He traveled for 600，000 kilometers and he orbited around the earth_____times.2.Yang was born in____，in the northeast Liaoning Province History of Yang's success 1.In 1998，he____to be a member of Project 921，which is now called Shen zhou.He was selected from 1，500_____.2.In September，2003，he became one of three who were picked for Chinese space adventure

六、提問需注意的細(xì)節(jié)

1.設(shè)計(jì)的問題要“少”而“精”。

問題的設(shè)計(jì)要體現(xiàn)在教學(xué)的關(guān)鍵處，理解的難點(diǎn)處，問題的矛盾處，思維的轉(zhuǎn)折處，探索的規(guī)律處。

2.設(shè)計(jì)的問題要有趣味性。

通過趣味性的問題使學(xué)生處于一種興奮的、愉快的狀態(tài)，這樣學(xué)生的思維就會(huì)有超常的發(fā)揮，學(xué)生接收信號(hào)的速度就會(huì)非?？臁?/p>

3.在問答的過程中，教師要允許學(xué)生說完，再適當(dāng)點(diǎn)撥；適時(shí)糾錯(cuò)，適當(dāng)寬容；恰當(dāng)評(píng)價(jià)，鼓勵(lì)為主。

[1]胡春洞.英語教學(xué)論.高等教育出版社

[2]英語優(yōu)質(zhì)課課堂教學(xué)觀摩分析報(bào)告.中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)