李亞云
摘 要: 幸福感與職業(yè)倦怠存在復雜關系。以綜合幸福感問卷(MHQ)和職業(yè)倦怠量表( MBI-ES)為調查工具,對隨機抽取的陜西省相關人群進行調查研究,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)高職教師幸福感狀況良好、職業(yè)倦怠總體上程度較輕,但不容樂觀,將近一半的有不同程度的職業(yè)倦怠,表現(xiàn)為情緒衰竭和低成就感癥狀明顯,去個性化癥狀較輕,中級職稱以上的職業(yè)倦怠值得關注。幸福感與職業(yè)倦怠呈負相關,幸福感越強,職業(yè)倦怠程度越輕,回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福感能較好地預測其職業(yè)倦怠狀況,自我價值對幸福感的預測效果最好。教育行政部門、相關院校及相關群體三方應在提升幸福感、預防和緩解職業(yè)倦怠方面有所作為。
關鍵詞: 教師;幸福感;職業(yè)倦怠
中圖分類號: F038.2 文獻標識碼: A DOI:10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2018.03.023
Abstract: There is a complex relationship between happiness and job burnout. On the basis of the comprehensive happiness questionnaire (MHQ) and the job burnout scale (MBI-ES), the related people are investigated by random extraction. The results shows that the teachers well-being is in good condition, but the job burnout is relatively slight , which is not still optimistic, and nearly half of them have job burnout at different degrees. There are obvious symptoms of emotional exhaustion and reduced accomplishment, and mild symptoms of depersonalization, so job burnout should be paid more attention to by the staff with intermediate titles. The happiness has a negative correlation with job burnout, the more happiness, the less degree of job burnout. The analysis shows that happiness can better predict the job burnout, and the prediction of self value on happiness. The education administration, relevant institutions and related groups should take action to improve happiness, prevent and alleviate job burnout.
Key words: teachers; happiness; job burnout
一、前言
近20年來,高等職業(yè)教育迅猛發(fā)展,培養(yǎng)了大批高技能應用型人才,對我國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展貢獻卓著。2014年,《國務院關于加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育的決定》(國發(fā)〔2014〕19號)頒布后,高職教育闊斧改革,聚焦內涵式發(fā)展,有望更多建樹。然而我們必須要面對的是,職業(yè)倦怠作為一種有害的負性情緒和個人感受,正在消耗著高職教師的工作動力和熱情。職業(yè)倦怠最早由美國臨床心理學家 Freudenberger于1974年提出,用以描述助人行業(yè)的從業(yè)人員因工作時間過長、工作量過大、工作強度過高而導致的一種疲憊不堪的狀態(tài)[1],Maslach和Jackson將職業(yè)倦怠定義為“在以人為服務對象的職業(yè)領域中,個體所表現(xiàn)出來的一種情緒耗竭、去人性化和個人成就感降低的癥狀”[2]。……