胡銘焓
摘 要: 貧困是全球性社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,我國(guó)幅員遼闊、地域差異明顯、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,貧困人口絕對(duì)數(shù)量較多的問(wèn)題客觀存在。自然環(huán)境、生態(tài)條件較差,因地、因?yàn)?zāi)、因教、因病致貧是農(nóng)民貧困的表面原因。生產(chǎn)能力弱,自我發(fā)展能力低下是農(nóng)民貧困的根源所在。在革新管理體制、配套政策法規(guī)、改善生存環(huán)境的前提下,貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)民自我發(fā)展能力“精準(zhǔn)”提升方法在于轉(zhuǎn)變貧困農(nóng)民傳統(tǒng)守舊的思想觀念、提高貧困農(nóng)民自我發(fā)展能力,引導(dǎo)貧困農(nóng)民改變思維方式、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式,幫助貧困農(nóng)民早日擺脫貧困走向富裕。
關(guān)鍵詞: 貧困地區(qū); 貧困農(nóng)民; 自我發(fā)展能力; 農(nóng)民素質(zhì)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): F127.8 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A DOI:10.13411/j.cnki.sxsx.2018.03.007
Abstract: Poverty is a global social phenomenon. Because of vast territory , region discrepancy, and unbalanced economic development, the number of rural population is still large. The reasons varies in poor natural environment and ecological conditions , and the superficial reasons for poverty are land conditions, natural disasters , less education and some serious diseases, whose source lies in poor productivity and the low self-development ability. Under the premises of innovating the management system, supporting policies and regulations, and improving the living environments, it is essential for precisely upgrading peasants self-development ability in rural areas to transform the traditional conservative ideas , promote the self-development ability, lead rural peasants in changing their way of thinking, mode of production and way of life,as wellas help them get rid of poverty and move towards prosperity as soon as possible.
Key words: rural areas;rural peasants; self-development ability; quality of peasants
貧困是全球性社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,農(nóng)村貧困問(wèn)題一直都是國(guó)際社會(huì)備受關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。我國(guó)自改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),采取物質(zhì)扶貧、教育扶貧、賦權(quán)扶貧等一系列措施,扶貧減貧工作取得了舉世矚目的進(jìn)展。改革開(kāi)放40年來(lái),我國(guó)農(nóng)村貧困人口減少7.15億,貧困發(fā)生率下降91.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。貧困發(fā)生率從1978年的97.5%到2000年的49.8%到2015年的5.7%[1],再下降到2017年的3.1%,可見(jiàn)扶貧減貧成效卓著,扶貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)取得決定性勝利。但是,我國(guó)幅員遼闊,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,貧困地區(qū)的自然環(huán)境和生態(tài)條件差的問(wèn)題客觀存在。生產(chǎn)能力弱,群眾增收困難,因?yàn)?zāi)、因地、因教、因病(殘、老)等因素致貧返貧人口絕對(duì)數(shù)量仍然較多。據(jù)最新國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示:2017年底,我國(guó)仍有貧困人口3046萬(wàn)人。這些貧困人口絕大部分在農(nóng)村和老少邊窮地區(qū),居住分散、家庭累計(jì)少、抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力差、致貧原因各不相同,因此貧困程度深、扶貧成本高、扶貧難度大,貧困問(wèn)題仍然突出,是我國(guó)2020年全面建成小康社會(huì)難啃的硬骨頭,扶貧開(kāi)發(fā)任務(wù)依然艱巨。……