孫婷輝 段思源



摘 要 目的:探討小劑量咪達唑侖聯合芬太尼進行老年全髖關節置換術后鎮痛的有效性和安全性。方法:選擇68例腰麻下行全款置換的ASA Ⅰ~Ⅲ級老年患者,隨機分為兩組各34例。對照組給予芬太尼單藥處理,試驗組給予0.1 mg/kg咪達唑侖+芬太尼聯合處理,比較兩組術后不同時間點靜息狀態下和運動狀態下VAS評分、睡眠紊亂情況及不良反應。結果:試驗組在術后4~48 h VAS評分、睡眠紊亂發生率及患者惡心、嘔吐發生率均較對照組低(P<0.05)。結論:小劑量咪達唑侖聯合芬太尼能有效地進行術后鎮痛,且能改善患者術后睡眠質量和術后惡心、嘔吐的發生率。
關鍵詞 咪達唑侖 芬太尼 全髖關節置換 術后鎮痛 睡眠質量
中圖分類號:R971.3; R687.42 文獻標志碼:B 文章編號:1006-1533(2018)07-0024-04
Effect of low dose midazolam combined with fentanyl on postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty
SUN Tinghui*, DUAN Siyuan
(Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200082, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of low dose midazolam combined with fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 68 patients at ASAⅠ~Ⅲ undergoing total hip arthroplasty under lumbar anesthesia were randomly divided into a control group (giving fentanyl 18 mg/kg only) and an experimental group (giving 0.1 mg/kg midazolam combined with fentanyl 18 mg/kg) with 34 cases each. VAS scores at rest and under exercise at different postoperative time points and the incidence of sleep disorder and adverse reactions after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results: VAS scores at postoperative 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h and the incidence of sleep disorder and nausea and vomiting were lower in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Small dose of midazolam combined with fentanyl can effectively relieve postoperative pain, improve sleep quality and reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting after operation.
KEy WORDS midazolam; fentanyl; total hip arthroplasty; postoperative analgesia; sleep quality
疼痛是組織損傷或潛在組織損傷所引起的不愉快感覺和情感反應。根據疼痛的持續時間以及損傷組織的愈合時間,將疼痛劃分為急性疼痛和慢性疼痛。術后疼痛(postoperative pain)是手術后即刻發生的急性疼痛(通常持續不超過7 d),也是臨床最常見和最需緊急處理的急性疼痛[1]。
隨著經濟的發展和老齡化進程的加速,老年患者因股骨頭壞死而行全髖關節置換術的患者越來越多。而全髖關節置換術后引起的疼痛,被定義為重度疼痛,但考慮到老年患者的重要組織器官儲備功能下降,對阿片類鎮痛藥敏感、耐受性差,因此術后鎮痛的安全性要求更高。多模式鎮痛,是近年來倡導的一種聯合鎮痛模式,旨在聯合應用不同作用機制的鎮痛藥物或不同的鎮痛方法,獲得更好的鎮痛效果和/或降低不良反應的發生率[2]。本研究旨在探討對比聯合小劑量咪達唑侖和芬太尼單用對老年全髖關節置換術患者術后鎮痛的安全性和有效性。
1 方法
1.1 試驗設計
選擇本院2016年1月—2017年9月間擇期腰麻+連續硬膜外麻醉下行全髖關節置換術老年患者68例,其中男37例,女31例,美國麻醉醫師協會(ASA)分級為Ⅰ~Ⅲ級,年齡65~90歲,平均年齡(76.4±6.8)歲,體重45~78 kg。采用隨機數字表法將受試者隨機分為試驗組(咪達唑侖+芬太尼)和對照組(芬太尼),每組34例。兩組患者采用相同的術中麻醉和維持藥物。
1.2 藥品及器材
枸櫞酸芬太尼注射液(宜昌人福藥業,規格10 ml:0.5 mg);咪達唑侖注射液(江蘇恩華藥業股份有限公司,規格1 ml:5 mg);術后鎮痛泵(型號AM320,AM330,ACE Medical Co., Ltd.)。