念珠菌陰道炎影響因素分析及干預(yù)效果研究

賈根梅

[摘要] 目的 調(diào)查念珠菌陰道炎發(fā)病的影響因素并探討有效的干預(yù)方法。 方法 通過問卷調(diào)查，了解VVC的易感因素，干預(yù)組進(jìn)行常規(guī)治療及健康教育，常規(guī)組只進(jìn)行常規(guī)治療。 結(jié)果 結(jié)果表明發(fā)病前使用抗生素（OR=2.229）、內(nèi)褲與襪子一起洗（OR=2.694）、常穿緊身內(nèi)褲（OR=2.001）、喜歡吃甜食（OR=1.571）、近期洗浴游泳（OR=1.705）是其發(fā)病的高危因素，而每天清水洗外陰（OR=0.449）、太陽常曬內(nèi)褲（OR=0.733）、使用避孕套避孕（OR=0.342）是保護(hù)因素。干預(yù)后干預(yù)組治療效果明顯，隨訪半年干預(yù)組患者的復(fù)發(fā)率（8.0%）低于常規(guī)（23.0%），差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 外陰陰道念珠菌病的發(fā)生與多方面因素有關(guān)，健康教育能降低其復(fù)發(fā)率。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 念珠菌陰道炎；影響因素；健康教育；復(fù)發(fā)率

[中圖分類號] R711.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701（2017）27-0059-03

Analysis of the influencing factors of candida vaginitis and study on the intervention effect

JIA Genmei

Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University， Nanjing 210004， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the influencing factors of Candida vaginitis and explore the effective intervention methods. Methods Through the questionnaire survey， the vulnerability of VVC factors was understood. The intervention group was given routine treatment and health education， and the routine group was only given routine treatment. Results The results showed that application of antibiotics before onset of disease（OR=2.229）， underwear being washed together with socks （OR=2.694）， tight underwear being worn often（OR=2.001）， eating sweets often（OR=1.571），bathing and swimming in recent times（OR=1.705） were the high risk factors of VVC.By contrast，cleaning vulva with clean water daily（OR=0.449）， underwear shone by the sun（OR=0.733），use of condoms for contraception（OR=0.342） were protective factors. After intervention，the curative effect was significant in intervention group.The recurrence rate（8.0%） was lower in the intervention group than in the routine group（23.0%）， and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis is related to many factors， and health education can reduce the recurrence rate.

[Key words] Candida vaginitis； Influencing factors； Health education； Recurrent rate

念珠菌性陰道炎（vulvovaginal candidiasis，VVC）是由念珠菌感染引起的外陰陰道炎癥，是常見的婦女外陰陰道炎癥之一。其主要癥狀為白帶增多、陰道灼熱瘙癢、排尿困難等，隨著病情的遷延，患者可能會出現(xiàn)盆腔炎、子宮內(nèi)膜炎等，嚴(yán)重影響婦女的生活質(zhì)量[1]。據(jù)報(bào)道有75%的育齡女性至少患過1次外陰陰道念珠菌病[2]。念珠菌性陰道炎大多數(shù)一經(jīng)治療即可痊愈，但少數(shù)婦女卻反復(fù)發(fā)作。若1年內(nèi)發(fā)作4次及以上稱為復(fù)發(fā)性念珠菌性陰道炎[3]。臨床上治療念珠菌性陰道炎的方法較多，但由于受病原體和機(jī)體雙方面的多種因素影響，該病遷延難愈，且復(fù)發(fā)率較高[4]。本研究通過問卷調(diào)査了解念珠菌性陰道炎的易感因素，并采取有效的健康教育，為臨床更好地開展防治工作提供科學(xué)依據(jù)，現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。……