2017年除夕至初一期間湖南省城市環(huán)境空氣污染特征分析

張琴，劉妍妍，彭慶慶，李蔚，羅岳平，曾鈺，樊璠

(1.湖南省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心站，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410019；2.國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)重金屬污染監(jiān)測(cè)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410019；3.湖南省氣象臺(tái)，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410118)

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2017年除夕至初一期間湖南省城市環(huán)境空氣污染特征分析

張琴1，2，劉妍妍1,2，彭慶慶1,2，李蔚3，羅岳平1,2，曾鈺1,2，樊璠1,2

(1.湖南省環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)中心站，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410019；2.國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)重金屬污染監(jiān)測(cè)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410019；3.湖南省氣象臺(tái)，湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410118)

對(duì)2017年除夕至初一期間(1月27—28日)，湖南省14個(gè)市州的78個(gè)城市環(huán)境空氣自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明，煙花爆竹的集中燃放會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)造成嚴(yán)重的大氣污染，其中，對(duì)PM10和PM2.5影響最為顯著，其次是SO2，NO2和O3受影響程度相對(duì)最小。集中燃放煙花對(duì)PM10和PM2.5的小時(shí)值增長(zhǎng)倍數(shù)貢獻(xiàn)明顯。對(duì)全省14個(gè)城市PM10和PM2.5的小時(shí)值最大貢獻(xiàn)量分別為195～652和116～680 μg/m3；最大增高倍數(shù)分別為1.8～10.5倍和2.2～15.8倍。其中對(duì)郴州市的影響程度最高。城市集中燃放煙花爆竹期間，ρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10)明顯上升，初一01:00最大值為0.69。氣象條件也是影響春節(jié)期間空氣質(zhì)量的重要因素，風(fēng)速小、逆溫強(qiáng)、濕度大和無(wú)降水等不利氣象條件使污染物濃度不斷累積，形成持續(xù)性污染過(guò)程。

春節(jié)； 煙花爆竹； 空氣質(zhì)量； 氣象條件；可入肺顆粒物；可吸入顆粒物；湖南

Abstract：The air quality of Hu’nan Province during Spring Festival (from January 27 to January 28 in 2017 )was analyzed in this paper.The results showed that the fireworks resulted in severe air pollution in a short time which had a significant impact on PM10and PM2.5,followed by SO2,and minimum effect on NO2and O3relatively.The hourly average concentration of PM10and PM2.5and growth multiples all could be influenced by setting of firecrackers.The maximum value of hourly concentration of PM10and PM2.5were 195 ～ 652 μg/m3and 116～680 μg/m3， respectively. The maximum growth multiples of PM10and PM2.5were 1.8～10.5 times and 2.2～15.8 times, respectively. Chenzhou had been the most affected city among 14 cities in our province.At the meanwhile,the ratio ofρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) increased significantly,and the maximum ratio ofρ(PM2.5)/ρ(PM10) was 0.69 at 01:00 a.m.on Lunar New Year’s day. Weather conditions were also the key factors affecting the air quality during the Spring Festival.The adverse weather conditions such as small wind speed, strong temperature resistance, high humidity and no precipitation made the concentration of pollutants accumulate continuously and formed a continuous pollution process.

Keywords：Spring festival; Fireworks; Air quality; Weather conditions；PM2.5；PM10；Hu’nan

春節(jié)期間燃放煙花爆竹是我國(guó)延續(xù)了2 000多年的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。但大量煙花爆竹的使用，會(huì)使空氣質(zhì)量在短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生劇烈波動(dòng)，空氣中污染物濃度也呈現(xiàn)明顯變化[1-2]。相關(guān)研究表明[3-10]，城市在特定時(shí)段集中燃放煙花爆竹會(huì)導(dǎo)致局部空氣質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降，大量燃放煙花爆竹對(duì)大氣中顆粒物濃度、SO2和NO2濃度增加有明顯影響，特別是對(duì)細(xì)顆粒物濃度貢獻(xiàn)最大，燃放期間ρ(PM2.5)和ρ(PM10)分別可達(dá)平時(shí)的4倍和6倍；……