污染源廢氣中二噁英監測采樣應注意的幾個問題

饒欽全，王暉，徐方曦，余彬彬

(臺州市環境監測中心站，浙江 臺州 318000 )

污染源廢氣中二噁英監測采樣應注意的幾個問題

饒欽全，王暉，徐方曦，余彬彬

(臺州市環境監測中心站，浙江 臺州 318000 )

解析廢氣中二噁英監測采樣的現狀及不足，針對生活垃圾焚燒爐(爐排爐)、蓄熱式焚燒爐(RTO)和危險廢物焚燒爐(回轉窯)3種不同類型焚燒爐，考察了采樣過程中煙道類型、采樣時間和采樣時間間隔不同對二噁英監測的影響。結果表明，在水平煙道和垂直煙道采樣測得二噁英排放濃度水平相當，有垂直煙道時，優先在垂直煙道采樣；間隔采樣和連續采樣二噁英測定結果基本一致，為了便于操作，建議均采用連續采樣方式；采樣時間上，生活垃圾焚燒爐應保證超過1 h，蓄熱式焚燒爐以2 h左右為宜；間歇投料危險廢物焚燒爐應盡量滿足2 h以上，條件不許可時，可通過增加采樣流量縮短采樣時間保證采樣量，并在危險廢物完全燃燒前結束采樣工作。

二噁英；廢氣；監測采樣；污染源；采樣時間

Abstract： Based on the interpretation and practical operation of dioxin monitoring in domestic pollution sources of incineration enterprises, the currentdeficiency of dioxin monitoring and sampling is recognized in this paper. Different flues, sampling time and sampling period were studied in dioxin monitoring and sampling for three different types of incinerators respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of dioxin measured in the horizontal flue were quite the same as in vertical flue. Vertical flue should be preferred when there is a vertical flue; the results of interval sampling and continuous sampling of dioxin are basically the same, so the continuous sampling method is recommended to facilitate the operation. The sampling time of municipal solid waste incinerator should be guaranteed more than 1 h, and the sampling time of regenerative incinerator should be about 2 h; for the batch- type hazardous waste incinerator, the sampling time should be sustained for more than 2 h,when the condition is not permitted, the sampling time can be shortened and the sampling amount can be guaranteed by increasing the sampling flow,the sampling process must be finished beforethe complete combustion of hazardous waste.

Keywords： Dioxins; Exhaust gas; Monitoring and sampling; Pollution sources;Sampling time

二噁英是多氯代二苯并-對-二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)的簡稱，共有210種異構體。二噁英不但具有很強的毒性，而且具有致癌性、致突變性、生物富集性以及在環境介質中的長期穩定性，是目前《斯德哥爾摩國際公約》中最受關注的首批管控持久性有機污染物。二噁英的產生和來源非常廣泛[1-6]，其中鐵礦石燒結、煉鋼生產、再生有色金屬和廢棄物焚燒4個重點行業占我國二噁英排放總量的8成以上[7]，其中廢棄物焚燒又占主導。……