曾振華 嚴敏 戴儀 鄧碩 鄒三寶 尹君
·臨床研究·
CT引導下靶點射頻聯合臭氧注射消融術治療頸椎間盤突出癥臨床研究
曾振華 嚴敏 戴儀 鄧碩 鄒三寶 尹君
目的 探討CT引導下靶點射頻聯合臭氧注射消融術治療頸椎間盤突出癥的臨床療效及安全性。方法 回顧性分析542例應用靶點射頻熱凝聯合臭氧注射進行頸椎間盤突出癥治療患者的臨床資料。采用視覺模擬疼痛評分(VAS)評價患者的疼痛程度并進行治療效果評估。結果 術后24h、1周、1、3、6個月的優良率分別為85.9%、79.9%、85.4%、86.9%、86.3%。與術前比較,術后各時間點的VAS評分明顯降低(P<0.05)。患者術中、術后無一例發生嚴重并發癥。結論 CT引導下靶點射頻聯合臭氧注射消融術創傷小、安全性高,是治療頸椎間盤突出癥的有效方法。
靶點射頻熱凝術 臭氧注射消融術 頸椎間盤突出
頸椎間盤突出癥是臨床上較為常見的脊柱疾病,可導致患者出現頸肩背部疼痛、麻木及頭暈頭痛等一系列臨床癥狀,嚴重影響患者的工作及生活[1]。目前,針對頸椎間盤突出癥治療的方法較多,如骨科手術治療、低溫等離子射頻消融術等[2-3]。而射頻熱凝術在脊柱微創介入手術中應用廣泛且方法多樣[4-5],其在頸椎間盤的微創介入治療中是最常用的手段[6];臭氧注射治療頸椎間盤突出癥也有確切的療效[7-8]。研究報道,靶點射頻聯合臭氧注射消融術治療頸椎間盤突出癥,具有療效好、安全性高、費用相對低廉等特點[9]。作者采用靶點射頻熱凝聯合臭氧消融術治療頸椎間盤突出癥,取得良好的療效,現報道如下。
1.1 一般資料 2005年10月至2015年9月頸椎間盤突出癥患者542例,其中男375例,女167例;年齡37~76歲,病程6個月至12年,經保守治療無效。384例有上肢麻木史(其中單側上肢麻木327例;雙側上肢麻木57例);158例伴有單側或雙側上肢肌力Ⅲ~Ⅳ級;霍夫曼征陽性32例;302例伴有腱反射減弱;C3~4椎間盤突出164例,C4~5椎間盤突出351例,C5~6椎間盤突出387例,C6~7椎間盤突出326例,2個椎間盤同時突出255例,3個椎間盤同時突出282例,共介入治療椎間盤1079個。納入與排除標準:(1)入選標準:術前頸椎MRI或CT顯示為C3~4、C4~5、C5~6或C6~7椎間盤突出,突出類型為旁中央突出、側后方突出或椎間盤膨出,臨床表現為一側或雙側頸肩部、上肢疼痛和(或)麻木。影像學檢查和臨床表現相符。(2)排除標準:脊髓型、交感型和椎動脈型頸椎病,受壓節段頸髓內缺血、軟化,頸椎管骨性狹窄、嚴重頸椎骨質增生,椎間盤突出鈣化,伴嚴重心肺疾病,凝血功能異常,臭氧使用禁忌等。
1.2 方法 根據術前頸椎X線平片,找出目標椎間盤,計算好該靶點的相應位置,明確穿刺途徑及深度。患者入手術室后取后仰位,常規生命體征監測,建立液體通路,并靜脈滴注抗生素和止吐藥。CT引導下,采用前路20G射頻針經頸前血管鞘和氣管鞘之間穿刺入目標椎間盤,經CT確認穿刺針已達靶點,拔出針芯,回抽無腦脊液、血液,間盤內注入50μl/ml的臭氧2~5ml。然后用射頻儀(醫科達AB)分別給予高頻電流(50HZ,0.8~1.0mA)進行感覺測試和低頻電流(2HZ,0.8~2.0mA)進行運動測試。經測試未引出支配區疼痛和運動后,依次給予60℃,70℃,80℃,90℃從低到高的射頻熱凝各15s以測定患者能夠耐受的最高溫度。采用患者能夠耐受的最高溫度治療4周期(60s/周期)。患者治療后需絕對臥床24h,24h后可在頸托輔助下下地活動。常規給予神經營養及脫水治療3d。
1.3 療效標準 (1)根據VAS評分法評定患者治療前后各時期(術后24h、1周、1、3、6個月)疼痛程度的變化。(2)依據改良MacNab腰腿痛手術評價標準進行評價[10]:優:疼痛消失,能參加工作和運動,恢復正常工作;良:偶有腰背痛或坐骨神經痛,不影響工作;中:癥狀緩解不徹底,需要藥物治療;差:癥狀無改進,體力活動受限。(3)優良率為優和良之和;失敗率為差和無效之和。
1.4 統計學分析 采用SPSS17.0 統計軟件。計量資料采用(x±s)表示,組內比較采用重復測量數據的方差分析。以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 治療前后VAS評分比較 與治療前VAS評分比較,治療結束后24h、1周、1、3、6個月VAS評分均顯著下降(P<0.05)。見表1。

表1 治療前后VAS評分比較(x±s)
2.2 患者治療后不同時間點臨床效果 見表2。

表2 患者治療后不同時間點臨床效果(%)
椎間盤突出癥可見于脊柱的任何節段,但多見于頸椎及腰椎[11-12]。頸椎間盤突出癥是在頸椎間盤退變的基礎上,因累加輕微外力或無明確誘因導致椎間盤突出而致脊髓和神經根受壓產生相應癥狀的臨床癥候群,是臨床引起頸肩痛常見原因之一[13]。研究顯示,頸椎間盤突出癥的間盤退變程度一般較頸椎病的骨性退變輕,在頸椎間盤退變的早期進行干預,不僅可以緩解及治療由其引起的臨床癥狀,且可阻止或延緩因椎間盤退變而繼發的一系列病變[14]。因此,頸椎間盤突出癥的早期治療不僅有助于去除疾病本身的病變,也有助于預防相關并發癥的發生。
MRI是診斷頸椎間盤突出癥的首選方法。然而,MRI對于椎體前緣的軟性椎間盤突出物與骨贅分辨存在困難,在椎間孔附近表現更為明顯,在一定程度上降低MRI的診斷效能[15]。CT檢查因其可提供清晰的橫斷面影像,對椎管內軟性椎間盤突出物與骨贅、黃韌帶等結構有較高的分辨率,在診斷頸椎間盤突出癥有特殊的價值。因此,通過CT引導下進行的穿刺治療,使穿刺針直接達到目標靶點,大幅提高穿刺的準確性和安全性,有利于對軟性突出物的精準治療。
椎間盤突出癥的治療手段眾多,傳統的保守療法不能去除突出的椎間盤,只能緩解癥狀,存在易復發的缺點。外科手術能夠去除病因,然而創傷大、并發癥多及遠期效果不理想的缺點,限制其臨床應用。近年來,頸椎間盤突出癥的介入治療發展迅速,受到越來越多患者及醫師的重視。
射頻熱凝靶點消融術是將射頻電流直接作用于突出的頸椎間盤,使局部溫度升高,導致部分髓核組織變性、凝固萎縮,從而降低椎間盤內壓力,達到對椎間盤周圍組織神經根、動脈、脊髓等的減壓目的。此外,熱凝效應還有助于減輕炎性反應,減少針道感染,滅活致痛因子,可進一步減輕患者的癥狀[16]。值得注意的是,射頻熱凝治療椎間盤仍有其局限性,如熱凝的范圍較小等。因此,作者通過靶點消融,這樣針尖更靠近突出部位,效果更確切。與此同時,采用射頻與其他技術的聯合應用,以達到更好的療效。
臭氧注射消融術是通過在靶點處注射少量高濃度的臭氧,迅速氧化髓核內蛋白多糖,直接使髓核原纖維基質和膠原纖維細胞脫水回縮,從而減輕對周圍神經、血管的壓迫發揮治療作用。研究顯示,臭氧還具有抗炎鎮痛作用,可以消除髓核的化學性和免疫性炎癥[17]。本資料結果顯示患者術后1個月的優良率可達85.4%,術后6個月優良率為86.3%,且未有患者在治療后發生嚴重并發癥,提示CT引導下靶點射頻聯合臭氧注射消融術是治療椎間盤突出癥的良好方法,具有較高的安全性。與本資料不同,Chou等[18]研究認為,包括射頻熱凝在內的脊柱微創介入手術療效有限,這可能與國內外對于椎間盤突出癥的介入治療多通過C型臂X線熒屏引導下治療,定位不夠精準有關。此外,有報道認為臭氧注射后可使軟組織和骨性結構間有較多硬粘連而產生相應并發癥[19],但Buric等[20]通過一項回顧性研究發現,臭氧注射對約75%的椎間盤突出癥患者是安全和有效的,并能保持十年的效益。
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Objective To summarize the treatment effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency thermocoagulation technology combined with intradiscal ozone injection under CT-guidance in the treatment of 542 cases with cervical disc herniation. Methods 542 patients with cervical disc herniation were involved in this study. Under the CT-guidance,these patients were treated by radiofrequency thermocoagulation technology combined with intradiscal ozone injection. Visual analogue scale(VAS)was adopted to evaluate the scores of pain and the clinical efficacy of this therapy was evaluated after the treatment. Results 24 hours to 6 months after the treatment,the efficacy rates were 85.9%,79.9%,85.4%,86.9% and 86.3%,respectively. VAS scores were significantly decreased from 24 hours to 6 months after the treatment when compared with that before operation(P<0.05). No serious complications were found in this fellow-up study. Conclusion Under CT-guidance,radiofrequency thermocoagulation technology combined with intradiscal ozone injection is an effective and minimally invasive therapy for the cervical disc herniation,which has a good safety record.
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation technology Intradiscal ozone injection Cervical disc herniation
浙江省醫學會臨床科研基金(2012ZYC-A66)
314100 浙江省嘉善縣第一人民醫院(曾振華 戴儀鄧碩 鄒三寶 尹君)
310000 浙江大學附屬第二醫院(嚴敏)