黃麗妹+陳秀芹+馬慧芬
摘要:目的 了解松江區小學生跌倒傷害發生現狀,探討小學生跌倒傷害的影響因素。
方法 采用整群抽樣和系統抽樣方法,抽取松江區4家小學4 880名小學生為研究對象,調查小學生跌倒發生現狀及影響因素。
結果 松江區小學生跌倒傷害發生率為7.97%。影響小學生跌倒傷害發生的危險因素為運動時未佩戴護具(OR=2.148, 95%CI:1.044~4.422)、不留意警示牌(OR=1.858, 95%CI:1.151~2.999)、小區無警示標志(OR=1.393, 95%CI:1.117~1.738);保護因素為女生(OR=0.760, 95%CI:0.614~0.940)、家庭收入較高(OR=0.675, 95%CI:0.511~0.892)、住所無致跌因素(OR=0.759, 95%CI:0.603~0.957)。
結論 跌倒傷害嚴重影響松江區小學生健康,給家庭、社會帶來沉重負擔。應針對小學生跌倒傷害影響因素及早開展干預控制。
關鍵詞: 影響因素; 跌倒傷害; 小學生; 松江區中圖分類號: R 179 文獻標志碼: A
Abstract: Objective To investigate the situation of pupils falling injury in Songjiang District, and explore the influencing factors.
Methods Cluster sampling method and systematic sampling method were used to select 4880 pupils from 4 primary schools in Songjiang District; the situation and the influencing factors of pupils falling injury were surveyed.
Results The incidence rate of pupils falling injury in primary schools of Songjiang District was 7.97%. The risk factors of pupils falling injury were exercising without protective clothing (OR=2.148, 95%CI:1.044~4.422),ignoring warning signs(OR=1.858, 95%CI:1.151~2.999) and no warning signs set up in community(OR=1.393, 95%CI:1.117~1.738); and protective factors were female(OR=0.760, 95%CI:0.614 ~0.940), higher household income(OR=0.675, 95%CI:0.511~0.892), no falling injury causes in house(OR=0.759, 95%CI:0.603~0.957).
Conclusion Falling injury severely affects pupils health in Songjiang District, which brings heavy burden to both family and society. Intervention and control of pupils falling injury should be done as soon as possible in relation to the influencing factors.
Keywords: influencing factor; fall injury; pupil; Songjiang District
跌倒作為全人群傷害發生的首位原因,每年致42.4萬人死亡,是導致非故意傷害死亡的第2位原因,僅次于道路交通傷害[1]。雖然大多數跌倒相關死亡發生于成年人,但跌倒傷害是5~9歲和15~19歲年齡組的第12位死因,在15歲以下兒童中,非致死性跌倒傷害是傷殘調整壽命年(DALYs)損失的第13位原因[2]。國內外調查顯示,兒童跌倒傷害發生很大程度上取決于環境因素,此外,監護人監管不力也是導致兒童跌倒傷害的重要因素[2]。因此,為了解松江區小學生跌倒傷害發生情況及其影響因素,本調查以小學生及其家長為對象進行現況調查,探索影響小學生跌倒傷害發生的危險因素,為隨后開展有效的學生跌倒傷害干預項目,減少學生跌倒傷害發生提供科學依據。……