雍容波
摘 要 青年毛澤東教育價(jià)值觀的主要內(nèi)容包括:三育并重的人才培養(yǎng)觀、學(xué)以致用“工讀結(jié)合”的價(jià)值觀、教育普及的人道主義價(jià)值和公平公正價(jià)值。青年毛澤東與其他教育救國論者的根本區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在:青年毛澤東強(qiáng)調(diào)教育為無產(chǎn)階級(jí)政治服務(wù),強(qiáng)調(diào)教育與生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)相結(jié)合。
關(guān)鍵詞 青年毛澤東 教育價(jià)值觀 教育救國
中圖分類號(hào):G40-02 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2017.04.081
On the Education Values of Mao Tse-tung in His Youth
YONG Rongbo
(Institute of Public Management, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hu'nan 411000;
Institute of Marxism, Hu'nan First Normal College, Changsha, Hu'nan 410205)
Abstract The education values of Mao Tse-tung in his youth includes: concept of talent cultivation in both the important of moral, intellectual, physical; the value of study for practice and the combination of study and work; the value of humanitarianism and fair and just for education spreads. The difference between the Mao Tse-tung in his youth and others of education for saving the nation is that Mao Tse-tung emphasizes education for politics of the proletariat, and empathizes the combination of education and productive labor.
Key words Mao Tse-tung in his youth; the education values; education for saving nation
1 青年毛澤東教育價(jià)值觀的演變過程
歷經(jīng)甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)慘敗以后,中國傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)分子希望通過革新教育的方式、方法以及內(nèi)容等來挽救腐朽、滅亡的中國,希望通過教育來挽救國家于危亡之中。實(shí)踐證明,教育救國、實(shí)業(yè)救國與經(jīng)濟(jì)救國都屬于精英救國,都沒能喚起、聯(lián)合底層的廣大民眾。青年毛澤東的教育救國論就產(chǎn)生與這一大背景之下,青年毛澤東希望通過教育能夠改造中國、改變中國。
1.1 求學(xué)救國:接受新式教育
少年毛澤東在東山學(xué)堂讀書時(shí),康有為、梁?jiǎn)⒊木S新思想對(duì)青年毛澤東的影響很大,特別是他們所編寫的《新民叢報(bào)》,毛澤東是愛不釋手。以致于毛澤東對(duì)斯諾回憶這段往事時(shí)說:《新民叢報(bào)》“我讀了又讀,直到可以背出來。我崇拜康有為和梁?jiǎn)⒊!鼻嗄昝珴蓶|受康梁的影響,延續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,我們可以從后來毛澤東在長(zhǎng)沙求學(xué)時(shí)所組織的“新民學(xué)會(huì)”,“以革新學(xué)術(shù),砥礪品行,改良人心風(fēng)俗為宗旨。”可知是受了梁?jiǎn)⒊靶旅裾f”的明顯影響。不斷的求知欲讓毛澤東不再滿足于東山小學(xué)所接觸到的新知識(shí),他又想走遍湖南,看看長(zhǎng)沙,更多地開闊眼界。……