李新彥 蓋曰秀
超聲成像聯合McGill甲狀腺結節評分對甲狀腺良惡性結節鑒別診斷價值研究
李新彥①蓋曰秀①
目的:評估超聲成像聯合McGill甲狀腺結節評分(MTNS)系統鑒別結節大小和良惡性腫瘤的臨床價值。方法:回顧性分析112例甲狀腺結節患者的臨床資料,患者病灶經超聲引導細針穿刺鑒定,再計算患者的MTNS分數、結節大小及假陰性率。結果:在112例甲狀腺結節患者中,MTNS為1~18分,平均得分(6.83±2.31)分,最終病理確診16例(占14.29%)為惡性結節,96例為良性結節(85.71%)。惡性結節MTNS的分值明顯大于良性。超聲成像顯示,結節直徑1~8.9 cm,平均(4.13±4.13)cm。MTNS與結節直徑之間呈正相關(r=0.146,P<0.05)。超聲成像顯示,惡性結節平均直徑為(3.67±1.60)cm,惡性為(4.23±1.51)cm。漏診的惡性結節主要分布于大直徑結節中。結論:超聲成像聯合MTNS,可以更好地預測甲狀腺結節的良惡性風險。
McGill甲狀腺結節評分;甲狀腺癌;超聲成像;良性結節;結節大小;鑒別診斷
李新彥,女,(1978- ),本科學歷,主治醫師。東營市東營區人民醫院超聲科,研究方向:超聲診斷。
自20世紀80年代至今的30余年里,我國甲狀腺癌發病率明顯增加,雖然超聲成像能夠提供甲狀腺結節的重要信息,但仍可能會產生5%的誤診率[1]。由于良惡性甲狀腺結節會帶來的潛在影響,因此有必要找到互補的臨床工具,全面評估惡性腫瘤的風險,降低假陰性率。有研究將McGill甲狀腺結節評分(McGill thyroid nodule score,MTNS)系統作為用于確定結節惡性病變的風險的互補工作[2-3]。據此,本研究探討超聲成像聯合MTNS鑒別甲狀腺結節大小和良惡性腫瘤的臨床價值。
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2014年1月至2016年6月間東營市東營區人民醫院收治的112例甲狀腺結患者的臨床資料,其中男性16例,女性96例;年齡23~85歲,平均年齡52歲;患者術前甲狀腺球蛋白(Tg)水平為5~392 ng/ml,平均水平為28.32 ng/ml。所有患者均經超聲引導細針穿刺鑒定為良性結節。本研究獲得醫學倫理委員會批準,且患者知情同意。
1.2 納入與排除標準
(1)納入標準:①超聲引導細針穿刺活檢結果良性;②有完整的MTNS+分數[4]和超聲波結節直徑數據。
(2)排除標準:術前穿刺結果、MTNS+分數和結節直徑數據不完整。
1.3 儀器設備
LOGIQ S8F型彩色多普勒超聲檢查儀(美國GE公司),探頭為線陣寬頻探頭,頻率范圍為7.5~12 MHz。
1.4 觀察與評價指標
(1)甲狀腺結節良惡性標準:乳頭狀微癌伴甲狀腺外擴散劇烈且不可預測時,結節可定為惡性,其余乳頭狀微癌定為良性。根據超聲檢查結節直徑大小分為4類:①1~1.9 cm;②2~2.9 cm;③3~3.9 cm;④≥4 cm[5]。
(2)MTNS分數越高,甲狀腺結節的惡性風險越大。
1.5 統計學方法
采用SPSS20.0軟件進行統計學分析。二元邏輯回歸分析MTNS與惡性腫瘤率的相關性,二元回歸分析MTNS和結節直徑相關性,以P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2.1 甲狀腺結節MTNS及病理檢查結果
112例甲狀腺結節患者,MTNS為1~18分,平均得分(6.83±2.31)分,最終病理確診16例(占14.29%)為惡性結節,96例為良性結節(占85.71%)。
2.2 不同性質甲狀腺結節MTNS對比
惡性甲狀腺結節的MTNS結果均>5分,惡性結節MTNS結果明顯大于良性,見表1。

表1 良性和惡性甲狀腺結節的MTNS分布情況
2.3 MTNS和結節直徑相關性
超聲成像顯示,結節直徑1~8.9 cm,平均直徑(4.13±4.13)cm。MTNS+評分與結節直徑之間呈正相關(斯皮爾曼相關系數r=0.146,95%CI:-0.05~0.33)。二元回歸分析調整結節直徑后,MTNS+評分OR為1.52(95%CI:1.130~1.130)。結節直徑1~1.9 cm的OR為16.2(95%CI:1.83~143.427),結節直徑2~2.9 cm的OR為4.387(95%CI:0.806~143.427),結節直徑3~3.9 cm的OR為0.341(95%CI:0.063~1.832),結節直徑>4 cm的OR為0.221(95%CI:0.036~0.851)。
2.4 結節直徑和結節惡性率相關性
(1)根據結節直徑進行良惡性分類。惡性結節平均直徑為(3.67±1.60)cm,惡性為(4.23±1.51)cm。超聲成像顯示,結節直徑在1~1.9 cm和2~2.9 cm的患者,具有相同的惡性率2.68%,結節直徑在3~3.9 cm的惡性率為1.78%,結節直徑≥4 cm的惡性率為7.14%。漏診的惡性結節主要分布于大直徑結節中,見表2。

表2 不同甲狀腺結節直徑與病理結果的相關性[例(%)]
(2)隨著結節直徑的增大,惡性率有增大趨勢,如圖1所示。

圖1 甲狀腺結節直徑超聲探查影像
60%的甲狀腺結節經穿刺診斷為良性,但是仍存在5%的假陰性結果,且難以辨別[5]。因此,美國甲狀腺協會,美國臨床內分泌協會和歐洲甲狀腺協會建議甲狀腺結節患者要進行6~18個月的隨訪調查,結節一旦長大需重新穿刺診斷[6]。本研究中,假陰性率為14.28%,略低于Williams等[7]報道的24.2%。Chernyavsky等[8]發現,90%的假陰性結果存在可疑的超聲特征。由于假陰性不能有效的指導治療方案,因此,治療前應仔細考慮可疑的臨床特征,以避免風險。
MTNS作為以證據為基礎的評分系統,已被證明有助于術前評估甲狀腺結節,其聯合超聲成像技術可精確預測惡性腫瘤的風險,從而制定正確的治療方案[9]。該評分包含多個風險因素,如臨床因素(家族史、輻射),可疑超聲波特性,以及細胞學結果[10-13]。本研究結果顯示,超聲成像結合評分系統,可較全面的識別甲狀腺結節的惡化風險,與以往的研究結果一致[14]。本研究采用MTNS明確良惡性結節后進行比較發現,MTNS存在差異,惡性結節MTNS高于良性結節。相關性分析結果表明,MTNS與結節直徑之間正相關,大直徑結節一直被認為是惡性甲狀腺結節的危險因素[15-17]。本研究發現漏診的惡性結節主要分布于大直徑結節中[18-19]。因此,甲狀腺結節直徑越大,MTNS越高,結節惡性病變的風險也越大。
結節惡性率(14.28%)具有一定可信度,同時,MTNS與結節直徑之間正相關,使得MTNS系統提高了超聲成像確診率。可見超聲成像聯合結節評分,可以更好地預測甲狀腺結節良惡性風險。
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Research of the value of ultrasonic imaging in combination with McGill thyroid nodules score (MTNS) in differential diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules/
LI Xinyan, GAI Yue-xiu//
China Medical Equipment,2017,14(3):70-72.
Objective: To assess the clinical value of ultrasonic imaging in combination with McGill thyroid nodules score (MTNS) system in differential diagnosis of nodule size and benign and malignant tumors. Methods: The clinical data of a total of 112 patients with thyroid nodules were analyzed retrospectively. The nidus of the patients was identified by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, and then the MTNS, nodule size and false negative rate of the patients were calculated, respectively. Results: The MTNS of the 112 cases of patients with thyroid nodules was within the range of 1 to 18, with an average score of (6.83±2.31). 16 cases with malignant nodules(the percent was 14.29%) were finally diagnosed by pathology, and 96 cases were diagnosed with benign nodules(the percent was 85.71%). The MTNS of patients with malignant nodules was significantly higher than that of those with benign nodules. Ultrasonic imaging showed that the nodule diameter was within the range of 1 to 8.9 cm, with an average diameter of (4.13±4.13) cm. MTNS was positively correlation with nodule diameter (r=0.146, P<0.05). Besides, the average diameter of benign nodules was (3.67±1.60) cm, and that of malignant nodules was (4.23±1.51) cm. The missed diagnosed malignant nodules mainly were large diameter nodules. Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging in combination with MTNS can better predict the benign or malignant risk of thyroid nodules.
McGill thyroid nodules score; Thyroid carcinoma; Ultrasound imaging; Benign nodule; Nodule size; Differential diagnosis
1672-8270(2017)03-0070-03
R445.1
A
10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2017.03.019

2016-08-30
①東營市東營區人民醫院超聲科 山東 東營 257000
[First-author’s address] Ultrasound Department, The People's Hospital Dongying District, Dongying 257000, China.