王昕 閆紅玲 侯聚敏



摘要[目的]探索一種測試玉米籽粒力學性質的新方法,建立一種物料力學研究新方法。[方法]對玉米籽粒分別進行傳統穿刺試驗和原位壓縮試驗,在不同加載速率(0.02、0.06、0.10 mm/s)及不同含水率(11.37%、13.86%、14.78%、1613%、18.48%)下對各部位穿刺力學參數進行顯著性和變異系數分析。[結果]加載速率0.02 mm/s、含水率14.78%的穿刺組試驗結果最穩定;穩定組的原位壓縮試驗的最大破裂力、彈性模量和總功在某些部位與傳統穿刺力學參數有較好的相關性,原位壓縮破裂力和總功與傳統穿刺的部分力學參數間存在極強的相關性。在驗證了原位壓縮試驗可行的基礎上,對原位裂紋圖像分析可以更清晰地觀察裂紋的形貌及擴展。[結論]原位壓縮測試結果與傳統穿刺力學參數間具有較好的相關性,原位壓縮測試可代替傳統穿刺測試。
關鍵詞玉米籽粒;力學特性;穿刺測試;原位壓縮;圖像處理
中圖分類號TS210.1文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2017)11-0210-04
Abstract[Objective] To explore a new method for testing the mechanical properties of maize kernels and to establish a new method of material mechanics.[Method] Different loading rates (0.02, 0.06, 0.10 mm/s) and different water content (11.37%, 13.86%, 14.78%, 1613%, 18.48%) were studied, the significance and coefficient of variation of the puncture mechanical parameters were analyzed.[Result] The results of the puncture test group with the loading rate of 0.02 mm/s and the water content of 14.78% were the most stable. The maximum bursting force, elastic modulus and total work force of the stability test in the stable group were in some parts with the traditional puncture mechanics parameters. There is a strong correlation between the in situ compression rupture force and the total work force and the partial mechanical parameters of the traditional puncture. On the basis of validating the insitu compression test, the insitu crack image analysis can more clearly observe the morphology and expansion of the crack.[Conclusion] The in situ compression test results have a good correlation with the traditional puncture mechanics parameters, the in situ compression test can replace the traditional puncture test.
Key wordsMaize grain;Mechanical properties;Puncture test;Insitu compression;Image processing
玉米在加工和儲運等過程中存在著許多生物、化學問題,其中玉米籽粒的力學特性是決定其加工品質的一個重要因素[1-2]。多年來,國內外學者對玉米、稻谷、小麥等糧食籽粒進行了力學特性研究,通過分析糧食籽粒的水分、組分與力學參數的規律,建立與力學參數的聯系[3-4]。試驗的設備多選用萬能試驗機和質構儀。質構儀是通過探頭切割、擠壓和拉伸測試,得到質構性以及相關關系曲線的設備[5]。質構儀廣泛應用于食品物料的力學研究中,玉米籽粒的力學研究也主要運用質構儀來進行,但是現有的研究只能得出力學特性參數及曲線,無法觀察到加載過程中的裂紋產生,對儲運過程中的裂紋產生無法明確解釋。……