車向軍 韓世昌 趙振昌 邱寧剛



摘要[目的]研究馬蓮河流域干燥度變化特征。[方法]利用馬蓮河流域7個氣象站1961—2015年地面觀測資料,根據Holdridge生命地帶模型對近55年來馬蓮河流域的干燥度變化特征進行了分析。[結果]近55年來馬蓮河流域內可能蒸散率(PER)以0.01~0.07/10 a的趨勢上升,地區差異明顯。馬蓮河流域PER 20世紀90年代出現了最大值,比20世紀60年代平均增大了0.36,為干旱最頻繁發生時段。馬蓮河流域降水量呈減少趨勢,減幅為1.3~13.9 mm/10 a,其中上中游降水量減少最為明顯;年生物溫度升高,增加趨勢為0.13~0.29 ℃/10 a,下游地區年生物溫度升高最為明顯。[結論]馬蓮河流域出現了明顯的暖干化趨勢,對農業生產、經濟社會發展的不利影響將更加顯著。
關鍵詞 干燥度;變化特征;Holdridge生命地帶;馬蓮河流域
中圖分類號S161.4文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611(2017)11-0168-03
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to study the variation characteristic of aridity index in Malian River Basin. [Method] Using the surface meteorological observed data in seven climate stations in Malian River Basin during 1961-2015,according to the Holdridge life zone model analyzed the variation characteristic of aridity index in Malian River Basin in recent 55 years.[Result]The possible evapotranspiration rate (PER) was increasing by the tendency of 0.01 to 0.07 /10 a in the Malian River Basin in recent 55 years,and the regional differences were significant.The maximum value of PER in Malian River basin was in 1990s,the average increased by 0.36 than in 1960s,which was the most frequent occurrence of drought.The precipitation of Malian River Basin showed a decreasing trend,it was 13.3 to 13.9 mm/10 a,the precipitation reduction of the upper and middle reaches was the most obvious. Annual biological temperature was increased,the increasing trend was 0.13 to 029 ℃/10 a,the annual biological temperature increase was the most obvious in the downstream area.[Conclusion] Malianhe River Basin has a significant warm-drying trend,the adverse effects of agricultural production,economic and social development will be more significant.
Key wordsArid index; Variation characteristic;Holdridge life zone; Malian River Basin
干旱是我國主要的氣象災害之一,對農牧業、糧食安全、水資源及生態環境有重要的影響[1-3]。近年來,受全球氣候變暖影響,干旱呈頻發態勢,持續時間長、災害嚴重、影響范圍廣。據《中國水旱災害公報》公布的數據,1950—2007年全國農業平均每年因旱受災2 173.33萬hm2,年均因旱損失糧食158億kg,占各種自然災害造成糧食損失的60%以上[4]。干旱未來必將對我國經濟發展造成更為不利的影響。
馬蓮河流域位于隴東黃土高原、涇河流域東北部,是黃土高原最具代表性區域,是鄂爾多斯能源基地的重要組成部分。馬蓮河是涇河最大的一級支流,流經寧夏、甘肅、陜西三省(區),全長375 km。馬蓮河是慶陽境內最大的一條河流,流域面積1.9萬km2,地形復雜,支流眾多。……