多孔混凝土植被磚的立體綠化應用

李曉東 李可 翁殊斐

摘要根據(jù)立體綠化環(huán)境特點，旨在研制出適用于立體綠化墻面和屋面綠化施工用的多孔混凝土植被磚，并篩選出抗逆性強的植物。結果表明，水泥的理化性質(zhì)會影響植物的生長，當水灰比在0.25、集灰比為3∶1、碎石作為粗集料，可以制得有效孔隙率大于20%并且抗壓和抗折強度較高的多孔混凝土植被磚。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，多孔混凝土植被磚的抗壓與抗折強度與集料尺寸大小成反比，隨著集料尺寸的增大，多孔混凝土植被磚的抗壓和抗折強度都隨之降低。通過植生試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，垂盆草與佛甲草在植被磚上長勢較好，蓋度高且抗逆性強。研制出的多孔混凝土植被磚已成功應用于立體綠化中，具有快捷、低成本的特性，易于推廣。

關鍵詞多孔混凝土；立體綠化；屋頂綠化；植被磚

中圖分類號S731文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）11-0142-04

AbstractBased on the environmental characteristics of stereo greening， the utility model of porous concrete brick which suitable for the construction of the threedimensional greening wall surface and the roof greening construction was expected to be developed， while the plants with strong resistance were screened. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of cement can affect the growth of plants， and when the water cement ratio is 0.25， the ash collection ratio is 3∶1， and the crushed stone is used as coarse aggregate， the porous concrete with effective porosity of more than 20% and high compressive strength and flexural strength can be obtained. It is found that the compressive strength and flexural strength of porous concrete are inversely proportional to the aggregate size， and the compressive strength and flexural strength of porous concrete decrease with the increase of aggregate size. The planting test found that sarmentosum and sedum lineare grew better in vegetation brick， with high coverage and strong resistance. The porous concrete brick has been successfully applied in the threedimensional greening， which has the characteristics of fast and low cost， and is easy to be popularized.

Key wordsPorous concrete；Vertical greening；Roof greening；Vegetation brick

多孔混凝土是采用特定粒徑集料作為骨架，膠結材料包裹在集料顆粒的表面，作為集料顆粒之間的膠結層，形成骨架-孔隙結構的多孔混凝土材料[1]。其具有透水透氣、抗壓抗折、多孔過濾、吸音減噪、耐水沖刷的特點，可以保持地面的水、氣交換，還可以通過填充基質(zhì)肥料供植物生長。因此，將多孔混凝土作為立體綠化植物載體具有很高的應用潛力。

目前，發(fā)達國家已將多孔混凝土廣泛應用于地面鋪裝，并通過綠色建筑加分的手段進行推廣。潘坤勝等[2]進行了使用水庫淤泥輕集料配制綠化混凝土的研究，經(jīng)種植試驗，用水庫淤泥制造多孔混凝土有利于保水和排水，對植物生長有顯著幫助?！?br>