湯博 王偉 靳永超 辛利娟

摘要自然保護(hù)區(qū)的生態(tài)有效性是指保護(hù)區(qū)對(duì)其主要保護(hù)對(duì)象的保護(hù)效果。開(kāi)展自然保護(hù)區(qū)的生態(tài)保護(hù)成效評(píng)估是明確自然保護(hù)區(qū)保護(hù)效果、實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)區(qū)保護(hù)目標(biāo)的有效途徑。從基于自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)價(jià)值、保護(hù)對(duì)象、森林資源、森林健康以及保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能的評(píng)估5個(gè)方面,歸納分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外森林類型自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)保護(hù)成效評(píng)估,并嘗試構(gòu)建我國(guó)森林類型自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)保護(hù)成效評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系,為更好地引導(dǎo)森林類型自然保護(hù)區(qū)提升保護(hù)效果,使生物多樣性得到更好的保護(hù)提供借鑒。
關(guān)鍵詞森林;自然保護(hù)區(qū);生態(tài)保護(hù)成效;指標(biāo)體系
中圖分類號(hào)S759.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2017)11-0060-03
AbstractEcological efficacy of Nature Reserve is mainly for the protect efficiency of the protection object. Carrying out ecological protection effectiveness evaluation of nature reserves is an efficient way to explicit the preventive effect, as well as to realize the goal of conservation. This research mainly analyzed protection efficacy evaluation of Chinas Nature Reserves for forest both in China and abroad based on 5 aspects of ecological value, protected object, forest resources, forest health of Nature Reserve, and assessment of ecosystem services in protected areas.Besides, try to establish a comprehensive scientific evaluation index system to assess protection efficacy of Chinas Nature Reserves for forest to guide forest nature reserve lift its protection effect much better, as well as to provide reference for better biodiversity protection.
Key wordsForest;Nature Reserve;Ecological protection efficacy evaluation;Indicator system
建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)是保護(hù)生物多樣性的有效方式[1-2]。自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)成效是衡量區(qū)域生物多樣性保護(hù)工作的重要指標(biāo)。在世界各國(guó)自然保護(hù)區(qū)發(fā)展的同時(shí),一個(gè)關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問(wèn)題被反復(fù)提及,即“自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)成效到底如何”[3-5]。這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到有效解決,是一項(xiàng)重要的基礎(chǔ)研究?jī)?nèi)容。近年來(lái),我國(guó)政府也開(kāi)始重視自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)成效評(píng)估工作。《國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于做好自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理有關(guān)工作的通知》(國(guó)辦發(fā)[2010]63號(hào))和《中國(guó)生物多樣性保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與行動(dòng)計(jì)劃(2011—2030年)》均明確提出了“制定自然保護(hù)區(qū)評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”“不斷提高自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理質(zhì)量”等要求。然而,目前很難找到一個(gè)相對(duì)科學(xué)、客觀的指標(biāo)體系方法來(lái)評(píng)估自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)成效。……