淺析高考英語七選五閱讀題解題策略

楊紅

2016年湖南高考英語將使用全國卷，考生將遇到一道新題型就是閱讀七選五。此題將給出考生一篇三百個詞左右的短文，要求從所給的七個選項中選出五個答案填入文章的空格處，使文章完整。考生要拿到高分，必須了解文章的主旨大意，掌握作者的寫作目的，同時要從整體上把握文章的邏輯結構，理解句與句之間、段與段之間的聯系。在此，作者將簡要分析其解題策略。

一、高考大綱要求

閱讀七選五主要考查學生的英語邏輯思維能力，也就是對上下文之間、層次之間邏輯關系的判斷能力。

試題模式：給出一篇缺少五個句子的文章，對應有七個選項，要求同學們根據文章結構、內容，選出正確的句子，填入相應的空白處?？疾橹攸c：主要考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握（考試說明）。下面以2016年全國新課標卷I中的七選五閱讀題為例，分析其命題特征、解題步驟以及解題技巧：

Secret code （密碼） keep messages private. Banks， companies， and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36.

Code breaking never lags （落后） far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37. For example， the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.

38. You might represent each letter with a number， for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet， in order， from 1 to 26. If we subtitle a number for each letter， the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 5 20 1 3 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book. 39. For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out ” might stand for “me”. The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40. However， it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changes frequently.

A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

答案：DEGFA。

二、命題特征

（1）選材特征：一般為三百個詞左右的短文，以記敘文和說明文為主。

（2）語篇特征： 段落前后往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達甚至相同詞匯出現。上下文出現過的代詞和下文涉及的近義詞和同一范疇詞都是值得注意的銜接手段。

（3）設空特點：一般有五種，即標題類、主題句類、承上啟下類、歸納總結類和語篇拓展類。

三、解題步驟

首先，通讀全文，理解文章大意；其次，瀏覽選項，結合語篇意義，初定選項 ；再次，詳細閱讀，確定答案；然后，對比分析，排除干擾；最后，重讀全文，驗證答案。

四、細節類題型解題技巧

1.關注詞匯重復出現

復現是保證文章前后銜接而經常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復描述。復現關系，主要是指同義詞復現、近義詞復現、反義詞復現等。

如：...Remember to reward yourself and to celebrate your successes. .In the same way，how can you motivate yourself if youre not going to reward yourself and celebrate your successes？

A. Imagine having already achieved it.

B. Get help and support when youre not feeling motivated.

C. Let them inspire you to access your own great desire within.

D. Would you be able to properly train a dog without rewarding him.

答案：D。

雙保險法：上下文再核實一下。

2.關注邏輯關系詞

語篇邏輯表示語可以是表示時間順序的first， then， next等，也可以是表達作者組織語篇方式的for example， in other words， in short等。它們不僅能表達相鄰句子之間的關系，還能表明某一特定語境的總體走向。因此，關注邏輯標示語就可以更好地理解文章的結構和需要表達的內容。

... At first， I was paid in candy.

. I worked every day after school， and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 am to 7 pm...

A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.

B. Before long， she let me sit there by myself.

C. I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.

D. Today I still carry that lesson with me how to handle responsibility.

答案：A。

3.關注代詞的指代

英語表達中代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數差異可以準確而快速地解題。

... It is a very happy day for many boys and girls. Before the terms ends in some schools， the children act a nativity（基督誕生）or “birth” play， showing how Jesus was born in a stable（馬廄）.

A. People are often busy going shopping.

B. Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas.

C. The turkey or chicken is quickly eaten.

D. Christmas Day falls on the twenty-fifty of December.

答案：D。

4.邏輯關系線索

（1）并列與遞進關系。

...From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money，and time .

Money is a topic I'll save for another day...

A. Ability is easily improved.

B. Understand your food better.

C. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

D. A little time planning ahead can a lot of work later on.

E. Try new things.

F. Make three or four instead.

答案： A。

（2）因果關系。

... Some choose it because of their religious beliefs. Others say it provides more time for the family to be together. They say home offers a better place for learning. Some parents...

A. So a number of parents began home-schooling.

B. Home schooling is not accepted by all the people.

C. Parents choose home schooling for several reasons.

D. Most often， their parents are their teachers.

答案：C。

（3）轉折讓步關系。

英語中表示轉折的詞有but， however，yet，on the contrary，on the other hand，unfortunately，despite，in spite of等.

如：...This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercises earlier in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired.

However，coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake...

A. So，whats a good sleep？

B. A bedtime drink can also help.

C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.

D. Nothing is more important than health.

答案：B。

五、篇章結構類題解題方法

學生可以根據試題所在位置確定不同的解題策略。

1.如果設空在段首

段首句通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內容，根據段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句；關注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。

Every day ，when she comes back home from work， she sets about doing housework， sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture， and putting everything in order. She seems to be busy all the time... Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself， but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.

A. She enjoys listening to class music.

B. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.

C. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.

D. As a mother， she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.

答案：C。

2.如果設空在段尾

通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如therefore， as a result， thus， hence， in short， to sum up， to conclude， in a word等詞語，選項中也可發現前文的同義詞句。

A clear minute past the average swimmer，this young man finally finished his race. The crowd went wild. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history，this man gave more efforts than any of the other competitors. .

A. The race had to restart.

B. But I do know a good dive from a poor one.

C. The crowd laughed more loudly and began to make catcalls （喝倒彩）.

D. He was not a winner of medals， but ought to be one of sportsmanship.

答案：D。

總之，筆者總結的知識具有很強的規律可循，但在平時的練習中可能沒有太多的解題線索。在做閱讀七選五時，考生一定要按步驟解題。我相信，只要考生在掌握了一定策略的情況下多做題，閱讀七選五一定不會成為考生的絆腳石。

（作者單位：湖南省古丈縣第一中學）