關聯詞用法小議

正如高考寫作評分標準所說：“能有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，全篇文章結構緊湊，思維清晰?！庇⒄Z語言的學習，最重要且最高的層面是語篇。沒有連接詞的語篇，猶如一盤散沙，東一榔頭西一棒，讓聽者或讀者看到的只是獨立的句子個體，不知作者所言要點，看不清其中的關聯，更別提抓取文章主題去加以理解和應用了。同學們如果對關聯詞語有了較好的掌握，就能快速有效地抓住關鍵句并予以突破。在書面表達中，如能恰當地使用各類關聯詞，那么文章則有如行云流水般流暢， 在閱卷老師眼里自然也是錦上添花。中學階段，學生應該掌握的關聯詞可以簡單歸納為如下幾類：

第一類：表時間的連接詞

to begin with / to start with / in the first place首先，第一點， at first起先，in the beginning起初，for the first time第一次，next接下來，then然后，later后來，after that 那以后，in the end最后， finally最后，after a while / in no time一會兒，since then自從那時起，meanwhile / at the same time同時， immediately立即，馬上，suddenly / all of a sudden突然，now / at present目前，現在， soon很快，soon after that在那之后很快，afterwards后來，up to now直到現在， before long很快，from then on從那時起，sooner or later遲早，as a young man當還是年輕人的時候，one day有一天等。

如以下書面表達部分范文：

But who is responsible for the current world food crisis？ First， annual world grains output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Finally， faced with the rising energy prices， people have turned to the production of biofuels， which has worsened the severe situation.

第二類：表目的的連接詞

for this purpose 為了這個目的， in order to， so as to， so that， in order that為了，in case以防萬一等。

如： be admitted into the college， he had to work hard at all subjects.

A. Now thatB. In order to

C. Only ifD. So that

答案B。now that既然，in order to為了，only if只要，so that以便，位置應放在句中。這里是in order to引導目的狀語從句。句意：為了被錄取進大學，他得努力學習所有的課程。根據句意應選B。

第三類：表因果關系的連接詞

because因為，as因為，since既然，for因為，thanks to / due to / owing to由于，so所以，thus這樣，therefore因此，as a result （of） 結果，as a consequence （of） 結果，one reason is that...，another reason is that...理由一是……，另外一個理由是……， for this reason 由于這個原因， if so 如果這樣， if not 如果不是這樣等。

如以下書面表達部分范文：

In my opinion， you should come back after you finish your studies abroad. For one reason， what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. In fact， I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason， I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. Therefore， I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for？

第四類：表讓步關系的連接