雷雨婷 呂立堂 趙德剛
摘要:本文以25種貴州本地玉米種質為材料,在低溫脅迫條件下,測定了植株鮮重、植株干重、根冠比、可溶性糖含量和葉綠素等生理指標,運用灰色關聯度分析法對玉米苗期抗寒性鑒定指標進行篩選。發現根干重、植株干重、根鮮重和可溶性糖含量等指標與玉米抗寒性關系較為密切,根上部鮮重和葉綠素含量與抗寒的關聯度最小。同時利用隸屬函數法對玉米抗寒性進行綜合評價,結果表明:金玉818、QB1013和黃C等種質抗寒性較強。
關鍵詞:玉米;低溫脅迫;抗寒性;隸屬函數法
中圖分類號:S3325
文獻標識碼:A
文章編號:1008-0457(2017)02-0035-05國際DOI編碼:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.02.007
Abstract:In order to study the cold resistance of different maize, 25 maize varieties were used as materials. Fresh weight, dry weight, root-shoot ratio, content of soluble sugar and content of chlorophyll were measured after cold treatment, and cold resistance were studied by the method of grey correlation degree analysis. The results showed that the most relative characters to cold resistance were root dry biomass,total plant dry weight, root fresh weight and soluble sugar content, and the least relative characters were fresh weight and chlorophyll.Cold resistance of the maize varieties were evaluated by subordinate function method. The results showed that Jin-yu 818, QB1013, and Huang C performed much resistance to the coldness.
Key words:maize; low-temperature stress; cold resistance; subordinate function method
玉米是我國重要的糧食作物,產量位于世界第二位,僅次于美國[1]。我國有著非常豐富的玉米品種資源,其中地方玉米種質占國家種質庫的90%[2]。在早春播種玉米經常會遭遇冷害,早春低溫冷害是玉米農業生產上主要的氣象災害之一[3-5]。1995和1997年9月中旬發生的局域性早霜,導致玉米單產減少10%-15%[6]。因此,研究不同品種的玉米抗寒性具有重要意義[7]。
郝小琴等[8]認為從生理生化角度評價不同品種玉米的耐寒性,可以為玉米耐寒育種、品種推廣及在早春低溫條件下選擇合適的品種提供依據。植物抗寒性的鑒定有一定的難度,受到遺傳基礎和環境因素的制約,不僅植物生理過程比較復雜,并且環境多變[9]。單一指標無法準確地反映植物的實際抗寒能力,應用隸屬函數法可以得到各項指標的綜合評價值,從而可以比較科學地對植物的抗寒性進行評價[10]。……