息烽縣住宅黃胸鼠種群數量監測

潘世昌　李梅

摘要：黃胸鼠種群數量發生動態分析結果可以為該鼠的預測預報及防治提供依據。本文分析了1986-2015年間貴州省息烽縣黃胸鼠種群數量調查數據，總結了其季節性及年際種群數量動態。結果發現，在息烽縣，黃胸鼠主要棲息于住宅區，作物區僅有零星分布。期間共捕獲黃胸鼠938只，總捕獲率為1.07%，住宅區黃胸鼠占總捕獲鼠數的15.20%，不同年度間其群落占比為1.14%～32.49%，變化差異極顯著。從季節性捕獲率看，種群數量夏季（6～8月）最高，總平均捕獲率為1.32%，其中7月捕獲率為1.55%，是全年最高點。冬季（12月至翌年2月）最低，總平均捕獲率為0.66%，其中1月數量最低，平均捕獲率為0.49%。

關鍵詞：黃胸鼠；種群數量；發生動態；貴州息烽

中圖分類號：Q958.1；S443.3（273）

文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：1008-0457（2017）02-0070-04國際DOI編碼：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2017.02.015

Abstract：Analysis of population dynamics of Rattus flavipectus can provide evidence for its forecasting and management. We analysed the monitoring data of Rattus flavipectus in Xifeng County from 1986 to 2015 and assessed the monthly and annual variations in the population size. The results showed that Rattus flavipectus was mainly trapped in the residential area， seldom in the crop area. A total of 938 Rattus flavipectus were trapped during this period from the total of 87633 snap-traps， accounting for 107% of successful trapping. It should be noted that four other rodent species were also trapped. The percentage of captured Rattus flavipectus was 1520% in all rodent species trapped in the residential area. There were significant differences of the annual population proportions of Rattus flavipectus among the all captured rodents， varied between 114%～3249%. Seasonal population variation showed a single-peak type and the highest number occurred in summer （from June to August）. The average yearly trap rate was 132%， with the highest trap rate of 155% in July and the lower trap rate of 066% in winter （from December to January）， and the lowest trap rate of 049% in January.

Key words：Rattus flavipectus； population dynamics； Xifeng County

黃胸鼠（Rattus tanezumi）的分布屬東南亞熱帶—亞熱帶型，東洋界種類[1]，其發生分布較為廣泛，在我國主要分布在華南至長江流域地區，北方部分省區也有分布，國外僅在東南亞有分布[2-5]，貴州省各縣（市、區）均有分布[6]。該鼠以家棲為主，在華南各省和西南地區常為住宅區的優勢鼠種[7-10]，是貴州省家棲鼠優勢種，占總鼠數的2546%，也是貴州省部分地區農田害鼠優勢種，占總鼠數的18.51%[11]，在息烽縣家棲鼠中占1514%[12]，每年對農業生產、食品行業、畜牧飼料業等均造成一定損失，同時已知人類有10余種傳染疾病如鼠疫、流行性出血熱、鉤端螺旋體、恙蟲病、鼠咬熱、腸道傳染病、血吸蟲病等的傳播與黃胸鼠相關[5。13-16]。有關黃胸鼠種群數量發生規律的研究，目前國內……