辛獻云
在一次記者見面會上,李克強總理談到改革貴在行動,用了一句通俗易懂的話—“喊破嗓子不如甩開膀子”,令人印象深刻,而這句話的英文翻譯“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”更是引起人們的熱議。在一片贊美聲中,也有人提出了不同意見,認為該譯文沒有譯出“嗓子”“膀子”這兩個關鍵詞,失去了原文的比喻色彩,故遜色于原文,并提出自己的譯文:“Talking up big is not as good as rolling up sleeves.”那么,到底該如何看待這一譯文呢?
筆者認為,“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”雖然沒有保留原文的比喻形象,但仍然稱得上是精彩的妙譯,原因如下。
首先,從語體上說,原文使用的是通俗易懂的大眾語言,生動形象,鏗鏘有力,譯文也同樣具備這一特點。Talk the talk和walk the walk都是常用的英語習語,無論是書面語還是口語都廣為使用。Talk the talk意思是“to speak knowledgeably about something, especially something that one claims or implies one can do well”,強調“言”;walk the walk則是指“to do what one claims one will do; deliver on ones promises”,強調“行”。這兩者常常連在一起使用,表示“言行統一”或“言行不一”。例如:
①Most of these guys say they have religious beliefs, but only a few of them can talk the talk and walk the walk.
他們多數人聲稱自己有宗教信仰,但只有少數人能夠言行如一。
②The American people are tired of politicians who talk the talk but dont walk the walk when it comes to fiscal responsibility.
在財政責任問題上,美國人民討厭那些夸夸其談卻不付諸行動的政客們。
事實上,這一習語如此流行,以至于出現了一些變體,比如walk the talk (act on your speech, doing what you say youll do or what you say you believe in)、talk the walk (talk about what you plan to do)、talk the talk and walk、walk the walk and talk等,將這一文字游戲推向極致。例如:
You talk the walk, but do you walk the talk?
你說的很好聽,但做的也能一樣好嗎?
其次,從形式和音律上說,“喊破嗓子”和“甩開膀子”對仗工整,音律和諧,朗朗上口,譯文也同樣具有這一特點。Talk the talk和walk the walk重疊反復,talk和walk押韻自然,修辭特色鮮明,可謂兼具形式美和音律美。
因此,雖然譯文沒有出現“嗓子”“膀子”的比喻形象,但在語體的通俗性、形式的工整性和音律的和諧性方面,絲毫不比原文遜色,堪稱妙譯。而“Talking up big is not as good as rolling up sleeves”雖然也能表達相同的意思,在形式和音律方面卻要遜色得多。
在“言”和“行”的問題上,英漢兩種語言都有許多生動形象的表達,為翻譯提供了多樣化的選擇。在漢語中,表達“只說不做”“言行不一”的詞有很多,如“放空炮”“開空頭支票”“干打雷不下雨”“說的比唱的還好聽”“說一套做一套”“陽奉陰違”“當面一套,背地一套”等等。這些習語在英語中都可以找到相應的表達方法:
①不要放空炮,拿出行動來。
Now, none of your empty talk. Lets see how you act.
②奧巴馬說,美國給巴基斯坦開“空頭支票”的日子一去不返了。
Obama said that the days of the US giving Pakistan a blank cheque were over.
③這無非只是張空頭支票。
It is nothing more than an empty promise.
④但是,美國政府實際上是在干打雷不下雨。
However, the United States has virtually no arrows in its quiver.
⑤他承諾說在下午三點之前完成工作,可這是不可能的。這還真是干打雷不下雨啊。
He promised he would finish the job before 3 p.m., but it was impossible—this is really big hat, not cattle.
⑥在這個大廳里,一些發達國家的發言說的比唱的都好聽,但做的實際怎么樣就是另一回事了。
The statements made by some developed countries in this hall are full of high-sounding words, but what they have done is quite another story.
⑦有些唐寧街的職業政客們說一套做一套。
Some career politicians on Downing Street say one thing and do the complete opposite (or do another).
⑧誰都會夸夸其談,但真正做好卻很難。
Anyone can talk a good game, but actually performing well is far more difficult.
⑨空談誤國,實干興邦。
Empty talk harms the nation; practical action helps it thrive.
“干打雷不下雨”除了“big hat, not cattle”或者“all hat, not cattle”之外,還有許多形象的表達,比如:all bark and no bite、all bluff and bluster、“all crown, no filling”、“all foam, no beer”、“all hammer, no nail”、“all icing, no cake”、all mouth and no trousers、all mouth and trousers、“all shot, no powder”、all sizzle and no steak、all talk and no action、all wax and no wick、all motion and no meat、“all show, no go”、all fart and no poo。
在2016年的美國總統大選中,特朗普批評希拉里光說不練,為我們提供了一個很好的例子:
Typical politician. All talk, no action. Sounds good, doesnt work. Never going to happen.
典型的政客。光說不練。說的比唱的都好聽,就是沒用。永遠不兌現。
馬丁·路德·金在他的一篇演講中,曾經對美國政府只說不練表達過強烈的不滿:
Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds.
這里將只會夸夸其談比作患上了“信條上的高血壓”,不干實事比作“行動上的貧血癥”,可謂一針見血。
與“喊破嗓子”相反的是“甩開膀子”,除walk the walk之外,其還可以翻譯成have a big go、go all out、go (at sth.) with a free-hand (or free-handed)等等,例如:
①不要瞻前顧后,畏首畏尾,甩開膀子干吧!
Dont be overtaken by misgivings and fear. Just go full steam ahead!
②讓我們甩開膀子和大家一起干。
Lets take our coat off and muck in with everybody else.
莎士比亞在《理查三世》(Richard III)中,用一句精彩的臺詞表達了行動的重要性,可以作為本文的結束:
Fear not, my lord, we will not stand to prate;
Talkers are no good doers: be assured
We come to use our hands and not our tongues.
放心吧,大人,我們不是來講空話的;
夸夸其談的人干不成大事:請放心
我們是來動手的,不是動口的。
同樣,新的一年,讓我們少說話,多做事,甩開膀子,邁開步子,not just talk the talk, but also walk the walk。