中華文化術(shù)語選篇賦比興

“中華思想文化術(shù)語”，是濃縮了中華哲學(xué)思想、人文精神、價值觀念等的以詞或短語形式固化的概念和文化核心詞。它們是中華民族幾千年來對自然與社會進(jìn)行探索和理性思索的成果，積淀著中華民族最深沉的歷史智慧。本文選登“中華文化術(shù)語”詮譯和英文翻譯，使中國人更加理解中國古代哲學(xué)思想，也使世界更加了解中華思想文化。

《詩經(jīng)》創(chuàng)作的三種表現(xiàn)手法。“賦”是鋪陳事物直接敘述；“比”是類比；“興”是先言他物以引出所詠之詞，有兩層含義，一是即興感發(fā)，二是在感發(fā)時借客觀景物婉轉(zhuǎn)地表達(dá)出某種思想感情。“賦比興”為漢代儒家所總結(jié)和提出，后來演變?yōu)橹袊糯膶W(xué)創(chuàng)作的基本原則和方法。

These are the three ways of expression employed in The Book of Songs： a narrative is a direct reference to an object or an event， an analogy metaphorically（比喻地，象征地）likens one thing to another， and an association is an impromptu（即興的）expression of a feeling， a mood or a thought， or using an objective thing as metaphor for sensibilities. Confucian scholars of the Han Dynasty summarized and formulated this concept of narrative， analogy， and association， which later became the basic principle and method in classical Chinese literary creation.

引例 Citations：

◎賦、比、興是《詩》之所用，風(fēng)、雅、頌是《詩》之成形。（《詩大序》孔穎達(dá)正義）

（賦、比、興是《詩經(jīng)》創(chuàng)作的三種手法，風(fēng)、雅、頌是《詩經(jīng)》體制上的定型。）

In The Book of Songs， narrative， analogy， and association are three techniques in its creation， whereas ballads， court hymns， and eulogies represent three established styles of the poems. （Kong Yingda： Correct Meaning of “Preface to The Book of Songs”）

◎賦者，敷陳其事而直言之者也；比者，以彼物比此物也；興者，先言他物以引起所詠之詞也。（朱熹《詩集傳》）

（賦，是鋪陳事物而直接敘述；比，就是以他事物比喻此事物；興，就是先說他物然后再引出所吟詠的事物。）

A narrative is a direct description of an object， an event or a relationship. An analogy metaphorically likens one thing to another. An association employs a metaphor as a lead-in for the real subject of a poem.（Zhu Xi： Studies on The Book of Songs）