李晶鑫,張寰,許芳秀,2,王玉,錢碧云,3
(1天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院,國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,天津300060;2中國人民解放軍第401醫(yī)院;3上海交通大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院)
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·論著·
非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變、miR-25表達(dá)與生理生育特征的關(guān)系
李晶鑫1,張寰1,許芳秀1,2,王玉1,錢碧云1,3
(1天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院,國家腫瘤臨床醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,天津300060;2中國人民解放軍第401醫(yī)院;3上海交通大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院)
目的 分析非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變、miR-25表達(dá)與生理生育特征的關(guān)系。方法 130例非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者,收集患者的生理生育信息(年齡、初潮年齡、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、絕經(jīng)年齡、活產(chǎn)次數(shù)、行經(jīng)時間),采用DNA測序技術(shù)檢測患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因,采用實(shí)時熒光定量PCR法檢測miR-25表達(dá),采用χ2檢驗(yàn)及Logistics回歸分析EGFR基因突變與女性生理生育特征的關(guān)系,采用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn)分析腫瘤組織miR-25表達(dá)與女性生理生育特征關(guān)系。結(jié)果 130例非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者中71例EGFR基因出現(xiàn)突變,59例仍為野生型EGFR。EGFR基因突變與非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者年齡、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、絕經(jīng)年齡、活產(chǎn)次數(shù)、行經(jīng)時間無關(guān)(P均>0.05),與初潮年齡有關(guān)(P=0.041);經(jīng)多因素調(diào)整Logistics回歸分析顯示,初潮年齡≥14歲的非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者較初潮年齡<14歲者更不易反生EGFR基因突變(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.146~0.970)。腫瘤組織中miR-25的表達(dá)與患者年齡及女性生理生育因素均無關(guān)。結(jié)論 非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變與初潮年齡有關(guān);miR-25表達(dá)與上述女性生理生育因素均無關(guān)。
肺腫瘤;肺腺癌;表皮生長因子受體突變;微小RNA-25
肺癌是發(fā)病率及病死率雙高的惡性腫瘤,嚴(yán)重危害著人類健康[1]。占肺癌80%的非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)主要有三種組織學(xué)類型:鱗狀細(xì)胞癌、腺癌、大細(xì)胞癌,其中腺癌是女性中的常見類型[2]。NSCLC的發(fā)生發(fā)展是一個逐步累積的過程,目前認(rèn)為表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)的突變在肺癌中具有原癌基因活性[3]。EGFR基因突變率和人群有直接關(guān)系,亞洲人群突變率較高,達(dá)到30%[4]。最近的一項(xiàng)研究[5]通過對亞洲7個區(qū)域1 450例肺癌患者測序,發(fā)現(xiàn)亞洲NSCLC腺癌患者EGFR基因突變率高達(dá)51.4%,其中女性突變率高于男性,非吸煙肺腺癌患者EGFR基因突變率達(dá)60.7%。miR-25屬于miR-106b-25簇,包含miR-106b、miR-25和miR-93,位于MCMT基因第13內(nèi)含子上[6]。有研究[7]結(jié)果推測,miR-25的表達(dá)可能與EGFR的突變有關(guān)。EGFR與NSCLC臨床特征的關(guān)系研究目前已較為明確,非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者有較高的EGFR基因突變率[8]。機(jī)體中激素水平可以影響女生生理生育因素,同時激素的異常是引起女性多發(fā)疾病(如乳腺癌[9]、卵巢癌[10]等)的一種重要因素。目前有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為NSCLC,尤其是非吸煙女性肺腺癌的發(fā)生與雌激素的作用有關(guān)[11]。一項(xiàng)關(guān)于新加坡肺癌的研究[12]指出,女性生理生育因素與肺癌發(fā)生存在關(guān)聯(lián)。因此我們推測非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者中EGFR的突變可能與女性生理生育因素存在關(guān)聯(lián),而目前關(guān)于此方面的研究仍較為有限。因此本研究觀察了非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變、miR-25表達(dá)與生理生育特征的關(guān)系。現(xiàn)報告如下。
1.1 臨床資料 經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),腫瘤組織取自天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)腫瘤醫(yī)院生物標(biāo)本庫收集的130例非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者,患者具有明確的病理學(xué)診斷和TNM臨床分期。通過查詢病歷或者問卷調(diào)查的方式獲得非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者的基本信息及生理生育信息。本研究納入的130例患者年齡為(57.9±9.8)歲,117例患者初潮年齡為(14.3±1.8)歲,88例患者絕經(jīng)年齡為(49.8±2.8)歲,87例患者累積行經(jīng)時間為(35.46±3.15)年,截止調(diào)查時,118例患者平均活產(chǎn)次數(shù)為2.08次,絕經(jīng)后91例、未絕經(jīng)15例。
1.2 腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變觀察 采用酚-氯仿抽提方法提取組織DNA,取DNA樣本100 ng采用PCR擴(kuò)增直接觀察EGFR第18~21外顯子突變情況。瓊脂糖凝膠電泳后使用EzgeneTMGel/PCR提取試劑盒(Biomiga公司)對PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行回收純化,隨后用Big Dye Terminator Cycle測序試劑盒(ABI公司)進(jìn)行產(chǎn)物擴(kuò)增測序。以Sequencing Analysis 5.4軟件對測序結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析比對。
1.3 腫瘤組織miR-25表達(dá)檢測 采用實(shí)時熒光定量PCR法檢測124例非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織中的miR-25。①提取組織RNA:收集樣本組織約50 mg,液氮中研磨成粉狀;加入1 000 μL的TRIzol試劑裂解;200 μL氯仿抽提,顛倒混勻;加入等體積異丙醇靜置沉淀RNA;14 000 r/min、4 ℃離心30 min;棄上清,加入75%乙醇,洗滌RNA,重復(fù)1次;將提取出的RNA進(jìn)行濃度與純度的測定。RNA原液稀釋至50 ng/μL,-80 ℃保存。②逆轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA:使用TaqMan microRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒進(jìn)行,反應(yīng)體系為15 μL,反應(yīng)條件為16 ℃、30 min,42 ℃、30 min,85 ℃、5 min。③實(shí)時熒光定量PCR:采用ABI7900檢測系統(tǒng)(Applied Biosystems),按照TaqMan microRNA試劑說明進(jìn)行操作。反應(yīng)條件為95 ℃、10 min,95 ℃、15 s,50個循環(huán),60 ℃、1 min。內(nèi)參選擇RNU6B。以2-ΔΔCt計算miR-25相對表達(dá)量,每樣本重復(fù)3次,取平均值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件。EGFR基因突變與女性生理生育特征的相關(guān)性采用χ2檢驗(yàn)及Logistics回歸分析。miR-25表達(dá)量呈非正態(tài)分布,采用中位數(shù)表示;其與女性生理生育特征關(guān)系采用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn)分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變與生理生育特征的關(guān)系 130例非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者中71例出現(xiàn)EGFR基因突變(包括單一突變及多點(diǎn)突變),59例仍為野生型EGFR。EGFR基因突變與女性年齡、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、絕經(jīng)年齡、活產(chǎn)次數(shù)、行經(jīng)時間并無相關(guān)性(P均>0.05),而與初潮年齡有關(guān)(P=0.041),見表1。經(jīng)多因素調(diào)整的Logistics回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn),初潮年齡≥14歲的非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者較初潮年齡<14歲者更不易反生EGFR基因突變(OR=0.376,95%CI:0.146~0.970)。初潮年齡較小可能為非吸煙女性肺腺癌EGFR基因突變的危險因素。

表1 非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變與生理生育特征的關(guān)系
注:除年齡外,其他參數(shù)由于存在缺失值,野生型EGFR和突變型EGFR數(shù)量分別少于59、71例。
2.2 非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織miR-25表達(dá)與生理生育特征的關(guān)系 腫瘤組織中miR-25的表達(dá)與患者年齡及女性生理生育特征(初潮年齡、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、絕經(jīng)年齡、活產(chǎn)次數(shù)、行經(jīng)年齡)均無關(guān)(表2)。

表2 非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織miR-25表達(dá)與生理生育特征的關(guān)系
肺癌的發(fā)病率、病死率在全世界范圍內(nèi)呈上升趨勢,超過70%的NSCLC患者確診時已為晚期,難以進(jìn)行手術(shù)切除治療[13]。研究[5]證實(shí)EGFR在非吸煙女性肺腺癌中有較高的突變率。EGFR目前的治療多采用吉西他濱等EGFR酪氨酸酶抑制劑,幾乎90%的EGFR基因突變對EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制劑敏感。然而,幾乎所有的EGFR基因突變型肺癌最終都會對EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性,這給EGFR基因突變型肺癌的治療帶來了重大問題[14]。現(xiàn)多項(xiàng)研究認(rèn)為EGFR在肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中與雌激素受體(ER)存在相互作用。Shen等[15]在NSCLC細(xì)胞系中聯(lián)合使用EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制劑與芳香化酶抑制劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)其能夠最大限度抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖。同時研究[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)雌激素合成和代謝的相關(guān)基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性與非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者中EGFR外顯子突變相關(guān)。He等[17]對NSCLC中EGFR基因突變及雌激素核受體的表達(dá)相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了Meta分析,結(jié)果顯示ER-β表達(dá)與EGFR基因突變呈正相關(guān)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)非吸煙女性肺腺癌EGFR基因突變與女性生理生育因素相關(guān),初潮年齡在野生型和突變型EGFR中分布存在差異,是影響EGFR基因突變的重要因素,初潮年齡較小者發(fā)生EGFR基因突變的風(fēng)險更高。這一結(jié)果有助于根據(jù)患者的特征進(jìn)行EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制劑的合理用藥及個體化治療。
miR-25在腫瘤中可能是一個重要的促癌因子[18]。miR-25在肝癌中的高表達(dá)能夠促進(jìn)細(xì)胞生長,激活表皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,且受到WNT/β-catenin信號通路的調(diào)控。miR-25在NSCLC腫瘤組織及細(xì)胞系中表達(dá)上調(diào),且靶向調(diào)控FBXW7,能夠促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移、侵襲[19]。我們課題組前期報道,非吸煙女性肺腺癌腫瘤組織中miR-25的表達(dá)在野生型與突變型EGFR中存在差異,而miR-25在血漿中的表達(dá)和EGFR的突變狀態(tài)不存在關(guān)聯(lián)[20],這說明miR-25對非吸煙女性肺腺癌EGFR基因突變狀態(tài)的影響在組織中與血漿中并不一致。一項(xiàng)研究依據(jù)原癌基因EGFR、KRAS等基因突變狀態(tài)在肺腺癌患者中篩選相關(guān)miRNA,發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-25與EGFR基因突變相關(guān)[7],更加證實(shí)了我們的結(jié)論。Sakural等[21]進(jìn)行了乳腺癌相關(guān)miRNA的篩選,并識別出了8個miRNA,其中miR-25同乳腺癌ER、孕激素受體表達(dá)相關(guān)。因此我們可以推測miR-25可能與雌激素相關(guān)。我們進(jìn)行了miR-25表達(dá)同女性生理生育因素等特征的關(guān)系研究,并未發(fā)現(xiàn)各因素與miR-25的表達(dá)有關(guān)。
可見,非吸煙女性肺腺癌患者腫瘤組織EGFR基因突變與年齡、絕經(jīng)狀態(tài)、絕經(jīng)年齡、活產(chǎn)次數(shù)、行經(jīng)時間無關(guān),與初潮年齡有關(guān);miR-25表達(dá)與上述女性生理生育特征均無關(guān)。
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Relationships between EGFR mutation, MiR-25 expression and female physiology and fertility factors in female patients with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma
LIJingxin1,ZHANGHuan,XUFangxiu,WANGYu,QIANBiyun
(1TianjinMedicalUniversityCancerInstituteandHospital,NationalClinicalResearchCenterofCancer,KeyLaboratoryofCancerPreventionandTherapy,Tianjin300060,China)
Objective To investigate the correlations between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, expression of miR-25 and female physiology and fertility factors in female patients with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We collected the female physiology and fertility factors (age, menarche age, menopausal status, age of menopause, the number of live births and menstrual period) in 130 female patients with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. We detected EGFR mutation by using DNA sequencing technology and the expression of miR-25 by real-time quantitative PCR. The correlations between EGFR mutation, the expression of miR-25 and female physiology and fertility information were detected by chi-square test, Logistics regression and Wilcoxon rank test, respectively. Results There were 71 patients with EGFR mutation, and 59 cases with wild type EGFR in 130 female patients. EGFR mutation was not related with age, menopausal status, age of menopause, the number of live births and menstrual period (allP>0.05), but was related with female menarche age (P=0.041). The adjusted Logistics regression analysis showed that the patients with menarche age more than 14 years old were not more likely to EGFR mutation than those of menarche age less than 14 years old (OR=0.376, 95%CI=0.146-0.970). The miR-25 expression was not related with age, female physiology and fertility factors of patients. Conclusions EGFR mutation is associated with female menarche age in female patients with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. However, there is no correlation between the expression of miR-25 and female physiology and fertility factors.
lung neoplasms; lung adenocarcinoma; epidermal growth factor receptor mutation; microRNA-25
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81573231);天津市自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(13JCYBJC23100)。
李晶鑫(1988-),女,碩士研究生,主要從事肺癌病因?qū)W及分子流行病學(xué)的研究。E-mail: lijingxin623@163.com
簡介:錢碧云(1971-),女,教授,主要從事腫瘤分子與臨床流行病學(xué)的研究。E-mail: qianbiyun@126.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.35.001
R734.2
A
1002-266X(2016)35-0001-04
2016-04-20)