黎恒明+楊苗苗



摘 要:為了評價漢江中游典型小流域土壤有效鋅的分布特征,利用網格法分3層在余姐河小流域采集土樣,共采集207個樣點。基于地統計學方法和Kriging插值法,結合坡向對土壤有效鋅含量空間變異特征進行研究,并進行了豐缺評價。結果表明:隨著土層深度的增加,土壤有效鋅含量逐漸降低;經方差檢驗,僅0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量存在顯著性差異;林地0~10、20~40 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量與坡向呈顯著正相關關系;草地0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅含量與坡向呈顯著負相關關系,10~20、20~40 cm土層呈極顯著負相關關系;該流域0~10 cm土壤有效鋅儲量為45.42 kg,土壤有效鋅儲量從大到小依次為林地、農地、草地;根據土壤有效態微量元素平均密度綜合評價指數,該流域土壤有效鋅處于豐富水平。
關鍵詞:有效鋅;空間變異;地統計學;Kriging插值法;土地利用方式;坡向;漢江
中圖分類號:S153.6 文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1672-6561(2016)05-0700-08
Abstract: In order to evaluate the distribution characteristics of soil available zinc in a typical small watershed of the middle Hanjiang River, the 207 soil samples were collected with the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm in Yujiehe small watershed by the means of grid method. Based on geostatistics and Kriging interpolation, combined with the effect of aspect, the spatial variation characteristics of soil available zinc were discussed, and the abundance of soil available zinc was evaluated. The results show that the content of soil available zinc decreases with the increase of soil depth; according to the variance test, the differences of spatial variations of content of soil available zinc at 0-10 cm soil depth are significant; the correlation of content of soil available zinc and aspect for forestland is significant and positive in 0-10, 20-40 cm soil depths; the correlation of content of soil available zinc and aspect for grassland is significant and negative in 0-10 cm soil depth, and extremely significant and negative in 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths; the storage of soil available zinc is 45.42 kg in 0-10 cm soil depth, and there are forestland, cropland and grassland in descending order; According to the comprehensive evaluation index of average density of soil available trace elements, the soil available zinc is rich in Yujiehe small watershed of the middle Hanjiang River.
Key words: available zinc; spatial variation; geostatistics; Kriging interpolation; land use type; aspect; Hanjiang River
0 引 言
鋅是植物生長所必需的微量元素之一,能促進植物光合作用、酶、生長素、蛋白質和核酸的合成,還可以提高植物的耐寒和抗病能力[1]。在無人為施用鋅肥的情況下,植物所需鋅(有效態)的供給主要來源于土壤,故有效態的鋅在一定條件下表征土壤鋅元素的供給水平。土壤有效鋅含量受土壤性質、成土過程和農耕活動等因素影響,空間分布不均勻,對植物的生長造成一定影響。科學區劃有效鋅含量范圍對于作物生長及土壤生態環境保護十分必要。土壤有效鋅含量的空間變異性研究是科學區劃的基礎。余存祖等通過對黃土高原土壤微量元素的研究,認為全量元素的高低不能反映植物對鋅元素的需求狀況[2]。近年來,國內外學者從土壤性質[3-7]、土地利用方式[8]、土地利用演替[9-10]和土壤養分[11]等角度對土壤有效鋅分布的影響進行了大量研究,而就小流域的地形因子對土壤有效鋅的空間分布特征的影響鮮有報道。地形對降雨在地表再分配以及剖面溶質運移有顯著影響,影響微量元素的有效性[12-14]。本文以漢江中游典型小流域為對象,采用網格法和分層采樣法,運用地統計學方法,對該區的土壤有效鋅含量空間變異特征進行了研究,并估算了0~10 cm土層土壤有效鋅的儲量,以期為流域養分資源管理和治理措施布局的優化提供參考。