深圳市小學初中學生視力發育及屈光狀態流行病學調查

韓　冰，周薇薇，劉春民，楊　耘，成洪波，徐雪嬌

?

·調查研究·

深圳市小學初中學生視力發育及屈光狀態流行病學調查

韓冰，周薇薇，劉春民，楊耘，成洪波，徐雪嬌

?METHODS:A cluster sampling method was used to select five primary school students(6 737) and three junior middle school students(1 925) from Shenzhen. The visual acuity,anterior segment, fundus, eye position, and refractive status were measured. Information on associated factors for poor vision were also obtained using a questionaire. The risk factors of poor vision and the rate of myopia between grade or gender were analysed by Chi-square test.

?RESULTS:The rate of poor vision was 67.0%. Female, family history of high myopia, long time of continuous look near, short time of outdoor activities were the main risk factors. The rate of emmetropia, hyperopia, astigmatism and myopia were 15.1%, 11.3%, 11.0% and 62.6% respectively. Emmetropia, hyperopia and astigmatism incidenece rate decreased with age growing, but myopia incidence rate was increased. There were significant differences between adjacent two grades in myopia(χ2=7.338-45.018,P<0.05) except the primary grade six and the junior grade one. There were significant differences between boys(61.0%) and girls(65.5%) in myopia(χ2=17.180,P<0.05).

?CONCLUSION:The rate of poor vison is pretty high in students of Shenzhen aged between 5 to 16 years old, and myopia is the main reason. The development rate of myopia is increased with age. Early management of myopia may play an important role in controlling poor vision in students.

目的：了解深圳市小學初中學生視力及屈光狀態，為近視防控提供科學依據。

方法：整群抽取深圳市5所小學學生(6 737名)和3所中學初中學生(1 925名)進行問卷調查，同時進行視力、眼前節、眼底、眼位和屈光狀態檢查。運用卡方檢驗分析視力不良的危險因素，并對不同性別和年級的近視率進行比較。

結果：深圳市5～16歲學生視力不良檢出率67.0%，其中女性、高度近視家族史，連續看近時間過長和戶外活動時間過短為學生視力不良的危險因素。8 662例學生中正視眼、遠視眼、散光眼和近視的檢出率分別為15.1%、11.3%、11.0%、62.6%。隨著年級增長，正視、遠視、散光的檢出率逐漸減小，近視檢出率逐漸增多。其中小學6年級到初中一年級的近視增長無統計學意義，其余每相鄰兩個年級近視增長均有統計學意義(χ2=7.338～45.018,P<0.05)；男生近視檢出率為61.0%，女生的近視檢出率為65.5%，且兩者有統計學意義(χ2=17.180，P<0.05)。

結論：深圳市5～16歲學生視力不良檢出率高，近視是主要原因。近視患病率隨著年級逐漸上升，且發展越來越快，呈低齡化發展趨勢。做好近視防治工作，對控制中小學生視力不良有重要意義。

視力不良；影響因素；近視

引用：韓冰，周薇薇，劉春民，等.深圳市小學初中學生視力發育及屈光狀態流行病學調查.國際眼科雜志2016;16(11):2103-2106

0　引言

近視是一種極為常見的眼病，是西方國家第三位低視力眼病。流行病學調查表明目前我國近視發病率近年有上升趨勢，但因研究方法不同，地點不同，時間不同而差距很大。……