優化混凝工藝、水質數據庫與控制標準

王東升

摘 要：混凝現象是自然界與人工強化條件下普遍存在的現象之一。在天然水體中，混凝過程對水體顆粒物以及有害物質的遷移、轉化與歸宿起著決定性的作用。在市政、工業、民用用水與城市、工業廢水處理工藝中，混凝過程是其中得到廣泛應用的關鍵環節之一。它決定著后續流程的運行工況，最終出水質量與成本費用。隨著環境污染問題日趨嚴重性以及水質標準越來越嚴格化，常規混凝技術顯然已經不能很好滿足人們對水質安全的要求。尤其在國內，由于工農業生產的高速發展，而環保意識與力度普遍不足，由于化學品污染以及水處理過程中潛在與引發的水安全問題近年來陡顯突出。保護水源，發展、完善水安全保障技術刻不容緩，強化混凝與優化混凝為其中十分重要的手段之一。因此極有必要對其加以重點研究，建立相應的數據庫，以進一步促進并完善我國的水處理工藝技術，保障飲用水安全。 本課題基于不同水源水質時空變化特征的分析表征，通過建立系統的強化/優化混凝表征方法體系，對顆粒分析技術、有機物表征技術和生物毒性評估技術有機結合應用于微污染原水及不同區域水質的優化混凝工藝進行開創性地研究，以提供該領域研究的參考方法乃至建立標準方法。同時針對性地對不同周期、不同工藝條件下水體有機物、微污染物的優化去除，進行高效混凝劑、反應器與不同工藝之間的協同優化組合，提出區域優化混凝控制標準，為優化混凝技術深入廣泛的應用提供基礎，豐富對有機物強化去除機理的認知，屬于混凝技術和水處理領域研究中的前沿熱點問題之一。基于數據庫提出優化混凝工藝控制目標，對不同來源、不同時期復雜天然水體有機物的形態表征，以及顆粒物-有機物-混凝劑相互作用、聚集行為與水質遷移轉化機制的研究，為該領域的前沿核心問題，具有較強的工藝指導作用。本項目不僅能夠對重點地區飲用水安全提供有力的保障與技術支持，而且是對水處理工業技術研究與應用的新發展。 在課題研究期間，積極開展與凈水劑企業和自來水公司廣泛合作，通過技術支持和專利技術的轉讓，改進、發展了新的高效聚合鋁生產工藝，建立了北京萬水、勝利新邦等多處應用示范工程和生產科研基地，產品應用工程總投資已達到 9000 多萬元，極大地推進了行業的進步并取得了良好的社會經濟效益。

關鍵詞：優化混凝；水質控制標準；水質數據庫

Optimize the coagulation process， water quality standards and control database

Abstract：Coagulation process has been widely used in the municipal water and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It determines the operating conditions of the subsequent processes， the quality of the final effluent and the cost. With the increasing seriousness of the problem of environmental pollution as well as increasingly stringent water quality standards， conventional coagulation technique apparently cannot satisfy the public requirements for water quality and safety. Therefore， enhanced coagulation and optimization of coagulation need to be studied to establish the appropriate database in order to further improve our water treatment technology to ensure safe drinking water. This research was based on the analytical characterization of different spatial and temporal variations of water quality， the combined particle analysis techniques， organic characterization techniques and biological toxicity assessment techniques were applied to the optimization of coagulation process of the micro-polluted raw water， to establish standard method. Meanwhile， aiming at the optimized removal of organics and micro-pollutants under different process conditions， based on the optimization of efficient coagulants， reactors and different processes， the optimized coagulation control for regional standards was proposed， in order to provide a basis for the applications of optimized coagulation. Based on the database， the control targets for the optimization coagulation process were proposed. By characterizing the NOM in different periods and from different sources， identifying the interaction and aggregation behavior of Particulate matter-Organics-Coagulant， to reveal the water quality transport and transformation mechanism and provide guideline for treatment processes. The project provided effective protection and technical support for safe drinking water in key areas， and also developed the treatment of industrial technology research. During the research， extensive cooperation with water treatment plants and companies was carried out. New efficient polymeric aluminum production was developed by technical assistance and patent transfer. Pilot plants and research bases were established at Beijing Wanshui and Shengli Xibang， the total investment for the product application engineering reached more than 90 million Yuan， greatly promoted the progress of the industry and has achieved good social and economic benefits.

Key words：optimized coagulation； water quality control standars； water quality database

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