畜禽產品中重要違禁獸藥殘留快檢技術研究

何方洋 郗日沫 萬宇平 羅曉琴 馮才偉

摘 要：隨著社會經濟的飛速發展和居民生活水平的逐步提高，人們對飲食安全的關注度也逐漸提高，其中畜禽產品的安全保障也越來越重要。該研究主要進行畜禽產品中激素類、硝基咪唑類及喹乙醇殘留快速檢測試劑盒及乳品中β-內酰胺類、β-內酰胺酶的膠體金試紙條技術研究及相關產品的開發。已開發己烯雌酚、氫化可的松、地塞米松、雌二醇、19-去甲睪酮質、硝基咪唑類、喹乙醇代謝物的檢測試劑盒產品7種以及氫化可的松、群勃龍、地塞米松、β-內酰胺類抗生素、β-內酰胺酶的檢測試紙條產品5種。酶聯免疫試劑盒的研發是采用將抗原抗體特異性免疫反應與酶聯放大反應相結合的原理，具有特異針對性檢測樣本中殘留的各種藥物分子的特點。通過酶聯放大原理，大大提高產品的靈敏度可至0.05～0.5 μg/kg（L）之間，達到高效液相色譜法、液相色譜-質譜聯用檢測法等精密分析儀器的限量標準；可對樣本中的殘留物質進行定性及半定量檢測；檢測時間由以往的儀器檢測1天至幾天等縮短至不超過2 h，大大提高了檢測效率；可同時對幾十至幾百個樣本快速檢測，符合食品安全廣泛、全面的檢測需求；檢測成本低，單個樣本的檢測僅為儀器檢測方法的1/5～1/2；不需要配備大型的檢測儀器，在基層的政府職能監管部門、中小型食品企業等日常監控檢測工作中均可廣泛應用。膠體金試紙條的開發是應用膠體金標記技術，以膠體金作為示蹤物，應用于抗原抗體反應的一種新型免疫金標技術。主要優勢包括：（1）操作簡便，一步操作，檢測一個樣本只需一個試紙條，無需其他輔助材料，液質樣本僅需稀釋處理，不需配備大型檢測儀器，可在基層現場進行；（2）樣本一次性檢測量大，在排查及大型食品工業企業上萬個樣本的日常檢測中極為適用；（3）檢測所需時間短，5～10 min之內即可顯示檢測結果；（4）結果直觀，通過觀察質控線和檢測線的顏色對結果進行判斷，即使非專業人員也能進行檢測操作和殘留定性結果的確定。鑒于其檢測方便、快捷的技術性能，尤其適用于在我國基層檢測實驗室、政府部門的市場監控檢測、臨時抽檢中廣泛推廣使用，實現了生物免疫檢測技術在食品安全流通消費領域的方便、快速檢測，對食品安全的監督監管創造了必備條件，保障人民群眾身心健康，為我國出口食品提供安全保障，促進農產品出口。

關鍵詞：畜禽 快速檢測 試劑盒 試紙條 抗原 抗體

Abstract：With the rapid development of socio-economic and the increasing living standards， people paid more attention on food security，including the increasingly importance on security of livestock products. This study mainly research on the development on rapid detection kit including hormones， nitroimidazoles and olaquindox residual in livestock products， and colloidal gold test strip technology including β-lactam and β-lactamase in dairy products. We had developed seven detection kit concluding diethylstilbestrol， hydrocortisone，dexamethasone，estradiol，19-nortestosterone， nitroimidazoles，olaquindox metabolites，and 5 test strip products containing hydrocortisone，trenbolone，dexamethasone，β-lactam antibiotics，β-lactamase.The R&D of ELISA kits base on the principle of the combination of specific immune response between antigen and antibody，and amplification reaction of enzyme-linked response，characterized by specific targeted on various drug molecules in the test samples.The Sensitivity reached 0.05～0.5 μg/kg by enzyme-linked amplification，achieving the detection limits of analytical instruments as high performance liquid chromatography， liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry and other sophisticated analytical instruments.It could realize qualitative and semi-quantitative detection in sample residues； shorten detection time from the previous instrument detects one day or several days to no more than two hours，greatly improving the detection efficiency. It can synchronous detect tens to hundreds of samples rapidly， meeting the detection needs of extensive and comprehensive inspection on food safety； low cost detection， costing only 1/5～1/2 the Instrument testing， can be widely used in the monitoring and testing work of the regulatory functions of the government grassroots， small and medium enterprises without large detection equipment. The development of colloidal gold test strip is a novel gold standard plastic immune technique ，based on colloidal gold labeling technique， Gluing to colloidal gold as a tracer， appling to antigen-antibody immune responses. The mainly advantage including：（1）simple， one step， testing a sample of just one test strip， no other auxiliary materials， Liquid mass samples dilution treatment， without large testing instruments， can be conducted on site at the grassroots；（2）large sample disposable detection，investigation and detection in daily food industry enterprises tens of thousands of large samples is extremely applicable；（3）short detection time，display the test results within 5～10 min；（4）intuitive results， judge the results by observing the color of the control line and test line，even non-professionals can operate and determine the residue qualitative results.Given its convenience and efficient technical performance in detection，especially suited for the widely use in testing laboratories，government departments market surveillance detection，temporary sampling.Realized the facilitate and rapid detection of biological immune detection technology in food safety circulation and consumption areas，creating necessary conditions to the regulatory oversight of food safety， providing security for our food exports，promoting agricultural exports.

Key Words：Livestock；Rapid Detection；Kit；Strip；Antigen；Antibody

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