周 芳,王金祥,王 珂,朱向情,龐榮清,李雪梅,朱光旭*,潘興華*
(1.成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院 細(xì)胞生物治療中心、細(xì)胞生物醫(yī)藥技術(shù)國家地方聯(lián)合工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室、云南省干細(xì)胞工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南 昆明650032;2.昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué) 成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院臨床學(xué)院,云南 昆明650500;3.成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,云南 昆明650032)
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血清半乳糖凝集素3在2型糖尿病并發(fā)冠狀動脈疾病患者中的診斷價(jià)值
周芳1,2,王金祥1,王珂3,朱向情1,龐榮清1,李雪梅3,朱光旭1*,潘興華1*
(1.成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院 細(xì)胞生物治療中心、細(xì)胞生物醫(yī)藥技術(shù)國家地方聯(lián)合工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室、云南省干細(xì)胞工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南 昆明650032;2.昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué) 成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院臨床學(xué)院,云南 昆明650500;3.成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,云南 昆明650032)
摘要:目的探討2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)并發(fā)冠狀動脈疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)患者血清中半乳糖凝集素(Galectin-3)的表達(dá)情況、與超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hypersensitive C reactive protein,hs-CRP)的相關(guān)性及其診斷價(jià)值。方法采用病例對照研究,選擇成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院CAD患者(CAD組)100例、T2DM并發(fā)CAD 患者(T2DM-CAD組)100例、T2DM患者(T2DM組)100例及健康對照者(Control組)100例,采集臨床標(biāo)本,分別應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫法、免疫比濁法測定Galectin-3和hs-CRP的含量,同時(shí)采用酶法檢測血糖(Glu)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)的濃度,低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)則運(yùn)用直接法檢測。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析采用K-S檢驗(yàn),Levene方差齊性檢驗(yàn),Kruskal-Wallis方差分析,Nemenyi檢驗(yàn),χ2檢驗(yàn),Pearson相關(guān)分析及ROC曲線。結(jié)果T2DM-CAD組Galectin-3和hs-CRP的水平分別為(10.523±4.552)mg/L和(9.60±3.75)mg/L,均明顯高于CAD組的(7.417±1.797)mg/L、(5.57±2.21)mg/L和T2DM組的(6.515±1.499)mg/L、(5.23±2.51)mg/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.01);T2DM-CAD組的Galectin-3與hs-CRP呈正相關(guān)(r=0.724,P<0.001);在T2DM-CAD組/T2DM組,ROC曲線下面積Galectin-3檢測為0.859,hs-CRP檢測為0.842,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=0.245,P>0.05)。結(jié)論Galectin-3對于T2DM是否并發(fā)CAD具有與hs-CRP相似效能的診斷價(jià)值,為臨床診斷提供一種新的生物學(xué)標(biāo)記。
關(guān)鍵詞:2型糖尿病并發(fā)冠狀動脈疾病;半乳糖凝集素3;超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白
(ChinJLabDiagn,2016,20:0573)
2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一種由胰島素抵抗及β細(xì)胞功能失調(diào)導(dǎo)致的代謝紊亂性疾病,可導(dǎo)致多種糖尿病并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,T2DM并發(fā)冠狀動脈疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)即為其常見并發(fā)癥之一。半乳糖凝集素3(galectin-3)作為galectin家族的一員,參與了多種炎癥細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié),在許多疾病的病理、生理過程中均發(fā)揮重要作用,包括免疫炎癥反應(yīng)、腫瘤的增殖,浸潤與轉(zhuǎn)移、心血管疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展等。研究表明血液中g(shù)alectin-3的升高與CAD密切相關(guān)[1],并且也有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道Galectin-3可能是2型糖尿病血管并發(fā)癥的危險(xiǎn)因素[2],但對于Galectin-3在T2MD并發(fā)CAD中的研究仍未見報(bào)道,本次實(shí)驗(yàn)旨在探討galectin 3在T2MD并發(fā)CAD中的診斷作用。
1對象與方法
1.1對象
研究對象為2014年5月至2015年5月成都軍區(qū)昆明總醫(yī)院患者400例,分為四組,包括冠狀動脈疾病組(CAD組)、糖尿病并發(fā)冠狀動脈疾病組(T2DM-CAD組)、糖尿病組(T2DM組)、正常對照組(Control組),每組均為100例,性別、年齡及吸煙史均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(見表1)。CAD組患者通過冠脈造影術(shù)和(或)平板運(yùn)動實(shí)驗(yàn)確診,T2DM患者則按照WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判定,Control組選擇同期本院健康體檢者。排除高血壓、CAD以外的心臟病、外周血管疾病、缺血性中風(fēng)、視網(wǎng)膜病變、腎臟病變、炎癥性疾病等T2DM并發(fā)癥以及其他系統(tǒng)性和代謝性疾病、哮喘、惡性腫瘤、肝病、腎病、孕婦等[3,4]。
1.2方法
1.2.1標(biāo)本采集應(yīng)用非抗凝的生化真空采血管空腹采取4 ml靜脈血,室溫放置1 h,1 000×g 離心15 min,取血清置于-80℃保存待測。
1.2.2儀器與試劑血清Galectin 3濃度采用美國Affymetrix公司的Human Galecin-3 Platinum ELISA試劑盒(型號:BMS297)及深圳雷杜Rayto RT-6000酶標(biāo)儀測定,hs-CRP、血糖(Glu)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸(UA)、甘油三酯(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)濃度測定送到檢驗(yàn)科檢測,使用日本OLYMPUS AU5400全自動化分析儀,試劑、定標(biāo)品及質(zhì)控品由德國羅氏試劑公司提供。
1.2.3檢測方法血清Galectin 3濃度的檢測采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法,按照說明書操作后得出各標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品及樣本的吸光度值(OD值),由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品濃度及其對應(yīng)的OD值做標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,從而計(jì)算出樣本的濃度。hs-CRP濃度的檢測采用免疫比濁法,Glu、BUN、CREA、UA、TG、TC運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的酶法測定其血清含量,LDL-C、HDL-C水平應(yīng)用直接法檢測。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

2結(jié)果
2.1患者一般情況及血清中各指標(biāo)的檢測結(jié)果
T2DM-CAD組Galectin-3和hs-CRP的水平分別為(10.523±4.552)mg/L和(9.60±3.75)mg/L,均明顯高于CAD組的(7.417±1.797)mg/L、(5.57±2.21)mg/L和T2DM組的(6.515±1.499)mg/L、(5.23±2.51)mg/L,T2DM組血清中Galectin-3、hs-CRP水平也高于Control組的(4.050±0.953)mg/L、(1.19±0.68)mg/L,見表1。

表1 四組患者一般情況及血清中各指標(biāo)結(jié)果
參數(shù)為計(jì)量資料由均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料則由頻數(shù)(百分比)表示;a:control組與T2DM組的比較,b:T2DM組與T2DM-CAD組的比較,c:CAD組與T2DM-CAD組的比較;*P<0.05,**P<0.01
2.2T2DM-CAD組血清中Galectin-3與hs-CRP呈正相關(guān)(r=0.724,P<0.001),見圖1。

圖1 T2DM-CAD組Galectin-3與hs-CRP之間的相關(guān)性
2.3在T2DM-CAD組/T2DM組,ROC曲線下面積(Area Under Curve,AUC)Galectin-3檢測為0.859,hs-CRP檢測為0.842,如圖2、表2所示,同時(shí)比較曲線下的面積,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=0.025,P>0.05)。

圖2 T2DM-CAD組/T2D組Galectin-3與hs-CRP

檢測指標(biāo)AUC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤P值95%置信區(qū)間Galectin30.8590.047<0.0010.768-0.950hsCRP0.8420.052<0.0010.740-0.943
3討論
T2DM可導(dǎo)致視網(wǎng)膜病、腎病等微血管并發(fā)癥及CAD、高血壓等大血管并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生[5],炎癥反應(yīng)是T2DM并發(fā)癥生成的重要因素[6],CAD是一種常見的T2DM并發(fā)癥,其發(fā)病過程中同樣也有炎癥反應(yīng)的參與,hs-CRP作為較為明確的炎癥反應(yīng)蛋白,其血清水平升高在T2DM并發(fā)CAD的診斷過程中具有重要價(jià)值[7,8]。盡管研究報(bào)道有很多指標(biāo)可能在預(yù)測T2DM并發(fā)CAD的發(fā)生方面有重要作用,如環(huán)孢素A受體、髓樣相關(guān)蛋白8/14等[3,4],但仍缺乏一種較為特異的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志。
最近文獻(xiàn)顯示,Galectin 3在心力衰竭、乳腺癌病中均具有良好的診斷價(jià)值,它可以預(yù)測心力衰竭及該病患者的死亡,可能成為一個(gè)有效的預(yù)后標(biāo)志物應(yīng)用于臨床[9],此外,Galectin-3對三陰性乳腺癌的發(fā)生也具有重要的診斷意義[10],但該凝集素在T2DM并發(fā)CAD中的診斷作用未見研究報(bào)道。Galectin-3位于14號染色體q21-22上,由含有CRD的羧基端和富含獨(dú)特脯氨酸-甘氨酸-丙氨酸-酪氨酸重復(fù)序列的氨基末端的兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)域組成,該凝集素具有多種生物學(xué)功能,其中有兩個(gè)較為重要,一是Galectin-3可依靠多種炎癥因子參與免疫炎癥過程;二是細(xì)胞表面及循環(huán)中的galectin 3作為晚期糖基化終產(chǎn)物的一種重要受體,可在T2DM及其并發(fā)癥的發(fā)病過程中發(fā)揮重要作用[12],以上兩個(gè)功能均提示Galectin-3在T2DM并發(fā)癥中可能具有一定的診斷價(jià)值。另有研究報(bào)道Galectin-3在CAD粥樣斑塊的形成及穩(wěn)定性密切相關(guān),可能診斷CAD的發(fā)生[13],因此推測Galectin-3可能在T2MD并發(fā)CAD發(fā)病過程具有重要診斷作用。
本次研究結(jié)果顯示,T2DM-CAD組Galectin-3、hs-CRP的含量均顯著高于CAD組和T2DM組,且Galectin-3與hs-CRP之間存在正相關(guān)關(guān)系,同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)Galectin-3與hs-CRP對于T2DM-CAD均具有較好的診斷價(jià)值,且兩者的診斷效能相近,由此可知Galectin-3對于T2DM是否并發(fā)CAD具有與hs-CRP相似效能的診斷價(jià)值,可能成為一種對T2MD并發(fā)CAD具有診斷作用的新型生物學(xué)指標(biāo),為臨床上判斷T2DM患者是否并發(fā)CAD提供依據(jù)。
盡管本次研究證實(shí)Galectin-3對于T2DM并發(fā)CAD具有較好的診斷價(jià)值,但其中也存在一些不足,首先,由于樣本量較少,結(jié)果有一定局限性,因此尚需進(jìn)行更大樣本的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究;其次,實(shí)驗(yàn)中未涉及Galectin-3與其他疾病相關(guān)性的研究,無法判斷該凝集素診斷作用的特異性,需進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查研究;最后,本次研究結(jié)果顯示T2DM-CAD組Galectin-3含量顯著高于T2DM組,T2DM組Galectin-3的血清水平又高于正常對照組,但是未明確高于多少時(shí)才能說明T2DM患者并發(fā)了CAD,這也將是今后研究的重要內(nèi)容。
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Diagnostic value of plasma galectin-3 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease
ZHOUFang1,2,WANGJin-xiang1,WANGKe3,etal.
(1.CellBiologicalTherapyCenterofKunmingGeneralHospitalofChengduMilitaryAreaofPLA,Kunming650032,China;2.ClinicalcollegeofKunmingGeneralHospitalofChengduMilitaryAreaofPLAofKunmingMedicalUniversity,Kunming650500,China;3.DepartmentofclinicallaboratoryofKunmingGeneralHospitalofChengduMilitaryAreaofPLA,Kunming650032,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the plasma level of Galectin-3,the correlationship between the plasma level of Galectin-3 and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),and to explore the diagnostic value of Galectin-3 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease.MethodsCase control study was used.The study enrolled 100 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD group),100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease (T2DM-CAD group),100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group),and 100 healthy subjects with similar age and gender (control group).The clinical data were collected.Galectin-3 and hs-CRP plasma levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunonephelometry method respectively.Simultaneously,the plasma levels of glucose (Glu),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),creatinine (CREA),uric acid (UA),triglyeride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were also detected by enzymic method; the plasma levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected by direct method.K-S test was used to judge normality of measurement data,Levene test was used to judge homogeneity of variance of more than three group measurement data,Kruskal-Wallis was used to analysis of variance was used to compare more than three group measurement data,Nemenyi test was used to compare two of several group measurement data,and χ2 test was used to compare several group count data.Pearson test was used for correlationship analysis between groups.Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate diagnostic value of markers.ResultsCompared with the levels of CAD group[Galectin-3:(7.417±1.797) mg/L;hs-CRP:(5.57±2.21) mg/L]and T2DM group[Galectin-3:(6.515±1.499) mg/L;hs-CRP:(5.23±2.51) mg/L],the plasma levels of Galectin-3 and hs-CRP in T2DM-CAD group[(10.523±4.552) mg/L and (9.60±3.75) mg/L respectively]were significantly increased (P<0.01 respectively).In T2DM-CAD group,the Galectin-3 was positively correlated to hs-CRP (r=0.724,P<0.001).In T2DM-CAD group /T2DM group,Area Under Curve of ROC Curve of Galectin-3 was 0.859,Area Under Curve of hs-CRP was 0.842,no significant difference was found (Z=0.245,P>0.05).ConclusionSimilar to the diagnostic value of hs-CRP,the plasma Galectin-3 might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with T2DM complicated with CAD.
Key words:Type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with coronary artery disease;Galectin-3; Hs-CRP
(收稿日期:2015-03-22)
作者簡介:周芳(1990-),女,在讀碩士研究生,主要從事臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)診斷研究;潘興華,男,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)楦杉?xì)胞與組織工程。
中圖分類號:R587.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A
*通訊作者
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81170316);國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81101158)
文章編號:1007-4287(2016)04-0573-04