論中學(xué)英語(yǔ)連詞的用法

劉德英

連詞是十大詞類的重要內(nèi)容之一。連詞不但表明一種語(yǔ)義關(guān)系，還具有連接語(yǔ)言成分的功能，在英語(yǔ)各種詞類中，連詞數(shù)量雖少，卻發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用。它在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試中，屬于必考內(nèi)容。那么，作為畢業(yè)班的中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師，怎樣作好連詞的復(fù)習(xí)呢？既要做到有針對(duì)性，有要做到有全面性。我經(jīng)過(guò)多年的探索和總結(jié)，總結(jié)出以下一些教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得，與同仁們共勉。

首先，當(dāng)然要知道中考中連詞考哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及這些的用法。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，中學(xué)英語(yǔ)的連詞考察兩大類：（一）并列連詞（二）從屬連詞。

考綱規(guī)定中學(xué)課本中從七年級(jí)到九年級(jí)中常見的并列連詞及用法如下：1.and “和、又、而”（1） 連接對(duì)等關(guān)系的詞與詞、句子與句子，不必譯出Im a teacher， and he is a teacher， too. （2）句式：祈使句，+and 句子=If you---， youll---。①Use your head， and youll find a good idea. ②Hurry up， and youll catch the early train.=If you hurry up， youll catch the early train. 2.but：“但是、否則”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折（1） “但是，可是”，but連接的句子習(xí)慣省區(qū)與前面相同的成分。He finished his homework quite early， but didnt do it very well.（2）Lily likes piano. But Lucy doesnt.（3）He is very old. But he still works very hard.（4）She can speak Japanese and Russian. She cant speak Japanese or Russian. 3.or：“或者”，表選擇；“否則”，含轉(zhuǎn)折含義，可用條件句代替（1）Go to see the doctor at once， or your cold may get worse.（2）Hurry up， or youll miss the early train. =If you dont hurry， youll miss the early train. 4.for：因?yàn)椋瑯?biāo)原因 （1）只說(shuō)明解釋而已。而because具有因果關(guān)系 I asked him to come here， for I had sth. to tell him.（2）The boy went to sleep soon， for he was tired. 5.so：“因此”，表因果，前句可用because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句替換 Its raining outside， so I must stay at home. 6.yet：“然而”，表示讓步The old teacher is very tired， yet she still works very hard. 7.both---and“兩者都---”（1） 連接主語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)Both he and I are good at playing football.（2）She can both write and speak English very well. 8.not only---but also“不但---而且”，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用就近原則 Not only you but also your father draws well.注：both---and = not only---but also. 9.either---or或者---或者；不是---就是---（1） You can leave either today or tomorrow.（2）否定句中表示全否定Either you or he isnt right.（3） You can stay either in the garden or in the reading room. 10.neither---nor“既不---也不”（1）連接主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用就近原則 Neither you nor he is right.（2）連表語(yǔ)The rope is either too long too short. 11.nor：用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，用倒裝表示“也不”I dont know him， nor do I know where he comes from.注：not only ---but also；either ---or； neither---nor連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用“就近原則”。

考綱規(guī)定中學(xué)課本中從七年級(jí)到九年級(jí)中常見的從屬連詞及用法如下：1.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的：（1）That：無(wú)詞義，可省去。My mother told us that the moon is round. （2）Whether：“是否”，用于否定句中。Can you tell me whether you go there or not？（3）If：“是否”，用于肯定句中。I wonder if you will go there. （4）Want：引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓從。They will be thankful for what you have done. （5）Which：“哪一個(gè)”，指物。I dont know which I should choose. 2.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：（1）When：“當(dāng)---時(shí)候”，當(dāng)從句中動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。The twins were drawing a car when the teacher came in.（2）While/when ：“在---時(shí)候/期間”，從句中動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。I entered the room while /when Miss Gao was talking with my parents.注：when：引導(dǎo)的從句中，動(dòng)詞既可是瞬間動(dòng)詞，也可是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞既可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，也可不用。while：引導(dǎo)的從句中，動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的，且只能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。（3）not only--- but also“直到---才”；not在主句中構(gòu)成否定，until后+ time n. / 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句The baby didnt cry until his mother came back.（4）After：“在---之后”I went to bed after I finished my homework.注：可用not ---until轉(zhuǎn)化 （5）Since：自從---以來(lái)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I have lived there for more than 10 years since I left the army.（6）Before：“在---以前”，He had studied English for a year before he came here. Ring me up before you come to my house. 3.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because She didnt go there because she was ill. （不用for；as）。4.引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if；unless = if not“假如”If it doesnt rain， well go to the park. Well go to visit the Great Wall unless it rains tomorrow.5.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so---that“太---以致”；too ---to/such --- that 。He is so old that he cant walk fast. =He is too old to walk fast. 6.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句：so that：“以便”Mr. Han speak loudly so that every one can hear clearly. Please speak loudly so that I can hear a little better. 7.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：though“盡管，雖然”Though he was very tired， he went on working hard. Although he is old， he can walk very fast.注：不能用：though/although---but 8.習(xí)慣用法：S.+be+adj.+that+clause.①Im sorry that your watch is broken.②Im afraid that I wont go there. ③Im glad that you come to see me. ④Im sure that he will come back soon.9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句：（1）More--- than More people came than I expected.（2）As---as與---一樣Class one is as large as class Two. 10.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where You must go where I told you.

其次，只是對(duì)以上知識(shí)的整理和歸納是不夠的，我有對(duì)以上只是精心編寫了專項(xiàng)題目給學(xué)生訓(xùn)練。基本對(duì)每一個(gè)連詞的用法都編寫進(jìn)去，以做到萬(wàn)無(wú)一失。比如：①If you are late， you should make an apology to the teacher ____ in class _____ after class. A. both， and B. either， or C. between， and D. neither， nor ② ______ theyve won the first game， it was rather difficult ______ them to be the winner. A. As， for B. Though， of C. Though， for D. When， for ③I hardly knew anything about it ______ you told me. A. since B. after C. until D. when ④Would you like to go to the concert with me？ -Id love to， ______ I cant. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. so D. and

第三， 為了應(yīng)對(duì)每個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)在不同類型的題目中的解決方法，教會(huì)學(xué)生就同一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)不同的題目進(jìn)行練習(xí)。比如：Either you or Tom goes shopping.這個(gè)句子，可以設(shè)置考察Either …or…的選擇題，也可以設(shè)置為either …or…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，運(yùn)用就近原則對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)進(jìn)行選定，采用用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空這種題目：Either you or Tom _______（go） shopping.還可以設(shè)置成改錯(cuò)題：Either you or Tom go shopping.______ ______ 把go 改成goes。

總之，在漢譯英時(shí)，要注意英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)，把合適的連詞放在合適的地點(diǎn)，以充分發(fā)揮它的粘連功能。課文是否流暢順達(dá)，都離不開連詞。連詞運(yùn)用不好，文本要么顯得僵直生硬，要么像一盤散沙因此，如果做到了以上幾點(diǎn)，我想，你的學(xué)生英語(yǔ)成績(jī)會(huì)更上一層樓的。