仲愷高新區10種土壤重金屬含量及形態分布特征

王國莉 范紅英 陳孟君 宋冠華 朱紅穎

摘要：為了解惠州仲愷高新區土壤中重金屬的含量及形態分布特征，在高新區兩個園區（仲愷高新科技產業園、東江高新科技產業園）分6種土壤樣本布設51個采樣點，用五步連續提取法提取不同形態的重金屬，ICP-AES檢測重金屬的含量。結果發現，整個高新區土壤中Cr、Pb、Fe、Zn、Ti的含量低于全國土壤背景值，而A1區（生產基地中部，農用土）、A2區（生產基地邊緣，農用土）、A3區（自然村，農用土）、A4區（靠近鐵路，農用土）以及A5區（靠近鐵路公路，道路旁泥土）的As、Co、Cu、Mn、Ni 5種重金屬含量高于全國土壤背景值。A4和A5區的重金屬含量較其他區域高。形態分析發現，10種重金屬的殘渣態比例較大，Pb和Mn的可交換態比例明顯高于其他8種重金屬，容易引起生態危害，Cr、Ti和Fe基本上都是以殘渣態存在，存在生態危害的風險較低，對Cu、Co、Ni、As、Zn則需要進一步定點分析。除Ti和Fe外，重金屬的殘渣態比例與土壤類型具有相關性，靠近公路和鐵路的交通繁華區，土壤重金屬殘渣態比例較低；但在農業生產區域，土壤重金屬殘渣態比例較高。

關鍵詞：仲愷高新區；重金屬；土壤；分布特征

中圖分類號：X823 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）21-5285-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.020

Analysis on Content and Distribution of Heavy Metals

in Zhongkai High-tech Area in Huizhou

WANG Guo-li1，FAN Hong-ying1，CHEN Meng-jun2， SONG Guan-hua1， ZHU Hong-ying1

（1.Department of Life Science，Huizhou University， Huizhou 516007，Guangdong， China； 2.Huizhou Agricultural Product Quality Safety Supervision and Inspection Center，Huizhou 516007，Guangdong， China）

Abstract：Content and speciation analysis on heavy metals in Zhongkai Hi-tech Zone were analyzed in this study. Soil of Zhongkai High-Tech Industrial Park and East River high-tech industrial park wereclassified into 6 types and 53 samples were collected across all soil types. The method of five-step sequential extraction was used to extract different morphology of heavy metals.Content of heavy metals was detected with ICP-AES.Results showed that contents of Cr、Pb、Fe、Zn、Ti were not out of limits of the national standard in the whole Zhongkai Hi-tech Zone. However，contents of As，Co，Cu，Mn and Ni were higher than the national standard in A1（agricultural soil in the middle of production base），A2（agricultural soil at the edge of production base）， A3（agricultural soil of natural villages），A4（agricultural soil close to the railway road）as well as A5（soil beside the road of railway and highway）. Heavy metal content was higher in areas of A4 and A5 than other areas.Speciation analysis indicated that the residual form of the 10 heavy metalswere in high component. The proportions of exchangeable Pb and Mn were higher than other 8 heavy metals，which could lead to ecological hazard. Cr，Ti and Fe mainly existed in the residual form to be in lower ecological hazard.Cu、Co、Ni、As、Zn needed to be further analyzed in their distribution site. The portion of metal residual form was related to soil types except Ti and Fe.Portion of metal residual form was low in busy traffic areas close to the highway and railway and high in agricultural production areas.

Key words：ZhongKai high-tech zone；heavy metal； soil； distribution characteristics

自然界中的重金屬以天然濃度廣泛存在，但由于工業生產的需要，人們對重金屬的開采、冶煉、加工及商業制造活動日益增多，造成不少重金屬進入大氣、水體和土壤中，極易被人和動、植物通過環境和食品鏈吸收，無法降解，不斷富集，當達到一定的濃度時，嚴重損害人體健康[1，2]。由于土壤重金屬主要是通過食物鏈進入人體的，所以首先要密切關注土壤重金屬對植物產品的污染[3]，再是它們對生態環境的影響和對農作物的危害[4]，而這些危害又與它們在土壤中的生物有效態密切相關[5-7]。……