彭帥 張鑒達 董依欣 趙文英 王紅營 邱夢如 胡國云 常春平



摘要:在廟溝鐵礦4個區域(排土場、尾礦庫、采礦場和生活區)采集土壤樣品50個,以Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn為目標元素,采用ICP-AES電感耦合等離子體原子發射光譜法測定元素含量,借助反距離加權插值法揭示該區域表層土壤中重金屬元素的空間分布特征,并通過內梅羅綜合指數法對區域重金屬污染進行評價。結果表明,4種元素富集程度為Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn,且Cd、Pb、Zn 3種元素間在空間分布上具有相似性和伴生規律;廟溝鐵礦4個區域的綜合污染評價指數分別為采礦場1.67、排土場2.63、尾礦庫1.81、生活區1.41;由于常年主導風向的影響,礦區土壤重金屬元素在東北西南一線的呈帶狀分布,尾礦庫區域重金屬的平均含量及污染程度均為下風向的東北方向最大,上風向的西南方向最小。
關鍵詞:土壤重金屬;分布特征;評價;廟溝鐵礦
中圖分類號:X53 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:0439-8114(2015)21-5246-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.011
Study on the Distribution Characteristic of Heavy Metals to the Soil
in Miaogou Iron Mining Area,Qinhuangdao
PENG Shuai1,ZHANG Jian-da1, DONG Yi-xin2,ZHAO Wen-ying3,WANG Hong-ying1,
QIU Meng-ru1,HU Guo-yun1,CHANG Chun-ping1
(1.College of Resource and Environment Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Ecological Construction,Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024,China;2. Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang 050071,China;3. Hebei Environmental Monitoring Center Station, Shijiazhuang 050056,China)
Abstract: 50 soil samples were obtained from Miaogou surrounding regions. Taken Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn as the target elements were drug and be analyzed by ICP-AES. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals in study region were uncovered by IDW. The author introduced single factor index and Nemertine comprehensive index method to evaluated heavy metal contaminated area. The results show that: 1.four kinds of element enrichment degree is Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn, and Cd, Pb,Zn has a similar associated rules in the spatial distribution; 2.the Nemerow index of Miaogou Iron Mine in different areas are:Mining field 1.67,dump 2.63,1.81 tailings,1.41 living area; 3.because of the influence of the perennial dominant wind direction,soil heavy metal elements in the zonal distribution of northeast and southwest line, the average content and pollution degree of heavy metal tailing area is northeast Southwest wind maximum, the wind direction on the minimum.
Key words: soil heavy metal; distribution; assessment;Miaogou iron mine
礦區周邊土壤重金屬污染已經成為重要的環境污染問題[1]。礦山開采、選礦、排土等工序,以及尾礦和廢石的露天堆放以不同形式造成周邊土壤中重金屬的富集和遷移,也導致礦區土壤重金屬元素的空間分布差異[2]。學者從地球化學、金屬元素動態變化、重金屬釋放和遷移機制等途徑研究礦山土壤重金屬污染的污染特征和遷移機制[3-6],而基于GIS技術對土壤重金屬空間分布進行研究能在一定程度上克服重金屬元素空間變異的復雜性,直觀地表現土壤重金屬的分布特征[7,8]。
目前,國內采用GIS技術對土壤重金屬空間分布特征的研究主要集中在城市、農田、工廠等區域[9-11],針對礦山區域的研究則較少。本研究利用A……