雜交馬褂木微肥效益研究

李志先 何長虹 李榮麗 李龍梅 唐國強 黃壽先

摘要：采用鋅和鉬二次飽和D-最優設計對雜交馬褂木（Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera）進行微肥效益研究。結果表明，微肥施用解決了頂端優勢減弱、老葉缺綠壞死、生長受阻等問題，單施鋅肥顯著地促進了樹高的生長，卻對胸徑生長沒有顯著的促進作用，而單施鉬肥對促進樹高和胸徑的生長都沒有顯著的效果，但兩種微肥施用量的合理搭配對促進樹高和胸徑的生長有顯著作用。在建立多元回歸方程的基礎上模擬仿真尋優，得到雜交馬褂木的樹高最優產量為4.35 m，每株利潤為21.47元，此時最佳肥料用量為每株4.739 g硫酸鋅（ZnSO4·7H2O）和2.148 g鉬酸銨[（NH4）6Mo7O24·4H2O]。

關鍵詞：雜交馬褂木（Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera）；微肥；效益

中圖分類號：S725.5；S147.5 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：0439-8114（2015）21-5227-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.21.007

Study on the Benefit of Applying Microelement Fertilizer to

Liriodendron chinense ×L. tulipifera

LI Zhi-xian， HE Chang-hong， LI Rong-li， LI Long-mei， TANG Guo-qiang， HUANG Shou-xian

（Forestry College of Guangxi University/Key Laboratory of Fast-growing Tree Breeding in Central South China of State Forestry Administration， Nanning 530005， China）

Abstract： Zinc and molybdenum quadratic saturation D-optimum design was used to research the benefit of micronutrient fertilizer on the Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera. The results indicated that the application of micronutrient fertilizer solved the reduced apical dominance，the old leaf chlorotic or necrosis，stunted growth.The growth of tree height was significantly promoted by using single application of zinc fertilizer， but had no effect on DBH growth. While the single application of molybdenum fertilizer had no significantly effect to promote the tree height or DBH growth. With a reasonable amount of two kinds of fertilizer application had significant results in promoting the tree height and DBH growth. Multiple regression equation was established to carry out simulation and optimization， the result showed that the optimal yield of Liriodendron chinense ×L. tulipifera tree height was 4.35 m and the corresponding profit per plant was 21.47 yuan. At this point the best amount of fertilizer per plant was 4.739 g zinc sulfate and 2.148 g ammonium molybdate.

Key words： Liriodendron chinense ×L. tulipifera； microelement fertilizer； benefit

雜交馬褂木（Liriodendron chinense×L. tulipifera）是利用中國馬褂木[Liriodendron chinense （Hemsl.） Sarg.]與北美馬褂木（Liriodendron tulipofera Linn.）雜交獲得的種間種[1]。雜交馬褂木樹體高大挺拔，葉形奇特，花朵杯狀，花色橙黃色或橘紅色，形似郁金香。雜交馬褂木春季萌芽早，冬季落葉遲，可耐低溫、凍害、煙塵和鹽堿[2]，極其適合做城市中的行道樹、庭蔭樹，有著獨特的景觀效果，是工業區綠化的優良樹種之一[3]，被譽為世界級觀賞樹種[4]。

在林木生長過程中，施肥不僅可以縮短生長周期，提高產量和質量，還能使林木提前郁閉，減少病蟲害的干擾。在施肥方面，楊秀鐘等[5]得出N、P、K不同配比對馬褂木樹高、胸徑、冠幅的生長有著顯著影響，在后續的研究中也得到了相同的結果[6-8]。因此對馬褂木施肥的研究主要集中在N、P、K 3種大量元素上，而在1997年藍佩玲等……