如何做好閱讀理解中的推理判斷題

劉柏清

【摘要】推理判斷題是屬于閱讀理解中層次較高的題目，是學生失分比較多的題型，本文以近幾年的各省市的高考閱讀理解為例，探討推理判斷題的策略，以期為推理判斷題的教學和解題提供借鑒。

【關鍵詞】閱讀理解 推理 判斷

一、細節推理判斷題

細節推斷題要求考生根據語篇內容，推斷具體細節，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進行推理判斷。考生只有正確把握文章的內在關系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出準確的推斷。題干主要包括六個動詞：infer（推斷），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出結論）和assume（假定，設想）。常見的命題形式有：

It can be inferred from the passage/text that .

The author strongly suggests that .

It can be concluded from the passage that .

The writer implies but not directly states that .

The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that .

Which of the following statements does the passage support？

二、預測推理判斷題

有些內容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據語篇對事件可能的結局或下一段可能涉及的內容等進行猜測推理。做這類題時考生應準確把握作者的寫作思路，從而作出比較科學的、合情合理的猜測。常見的命題形式有：

What do you think will happen when/if…？

At the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write .

Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story？

三、推測文章來源或讀者對象題

推測文章的來源或者推測讀者對象要求讀者本身要具備一定的常識，這樣文章的內容才能與讀者本身已經具備的常識結合起來。比如讀者本身要對報紙、雜志、網絡、科普、小說、童話、廣告、教材、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南等有基本的了解，這樣才能根據文章的特點對號入座，選出最佳答案。

常見的命題形式有：

This passage would most likely be found in .

In which of the following publications would this passage most

likely be printed？

The passage is probably taken out of .

Where does this text probably come from？

真題范例

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.Sheis

quiet but alert（警覺）.Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another，this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze（凝視）starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three，just 24 hours after coming into the world？

63 .Where does this text probably come from？

A.Science fiction.

B.Children's literature.

C.An advertisement.

D.A science report.

答案解析

D 推理判斷題。本文介紹了對嬰兒進行的實驗、實驗的經過及結果等，因此本文可能來自于一份科學報告。

四、寫作意圖推斷題

寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖及運用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進行歸納總結和分析的能力。常見的命題形式有：

What is the main purpose of the author writing the text？

The purpose of the text is to get more people to .

The fact… is mentioned by the author to show .

The writer talks about…in order to .

The author writes the last paragraph in order to .

五、態度傾向推斷題

態度傾向推斷題考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持觀點或態度。要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎上，對觀點或態度傾向進行分析、識別的能力，有時也要求考生對文章所交代的人或事進行評價，此時要注意作者對相關人或事的細節描寫。態度傾向推斷題的選項一般分為以下三類：

1.中性詞：uninterested（不感興趣的），neutral（中立的），indifferent（無關緊要的），sympathetic（同情的），humorous（幽默的）等。

2.褒義詞：positive（積極的），disinterested（無私的），supportive（支持的），useful，enthusiastic（熱情的），admiring（贊賞的）等。

3.貶義詞：disgusted（厭惡的），critical（批評的）， impassive（無動于衷的），negative（否定的，消極的），disappointed（失望的）等。

常見的命題形式有：

The attitude of the author towards something is ？

The writer of the passage seems to think that .

What is the author's opinion on cramming？

What's the writer's attitude towards ？

參考文獻：

[1]賴朝輝.高中英語閱讀理解訓練的行動研究[J].中小學外語教學（中學篇），2013.

[2]楊紅麗，陳旭遠.課標中閱讀期待的獨特性及其教學意義[J].課程·教材·教法，2013.