李曉琳 羅成勇
在英語句子里,謂語動詞和主語必須在人稱和數上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數主語用動詞的單數形式,復數主語用動詞的復數形式。但在實際使用中情況比較復雜,現在筆者把在教學同學們常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下,以期對同學們的學習有所幫助。
1. “more than one+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數形式,而不是因為它表達的是復數含義就用復數形式。這里采用的是就近原則。例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers.
不止一個教師得到了花。
2. “many a +名詞”作主語時,從意義上看是復數,但謂語動詞常用單數。例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees.
很多學生被派去植樹。
3. “half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分數或分數+of等后接名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據of后的名詞而定。可數名詞用復數,不可數名詞則用單數形式。例如:
Half of the students are to attend the meeting to be held by the student union.
有一半學生要去參加學生會舉行的會議。
Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is covered with water.
地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋。
4. all指人時,動詞用復數;all指事或者物時,動詞用單數。例如:
“All are present and all is going well”, our manager said.
我們經理說:“所有的人都到場了,一切進展順利。”
5. what引導的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數名詞時,動詞用單數,相反,則用復數。例如:
What they want to get is a number of good books.
他們想得到的是大量的好書。
6. 用and連接的兩個單數名詞前有each, every, no修飾時,它們的謂語動詞用單數形式。例如:
Every boy and every girl is asked to study hard.
每一個男生和女生都被要求努力學習。
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.
書包里沒有書和鋼筆。
7. 當主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等詞引導的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致。例如:
The teacher together with the students are going to the Great Wall.
老師和學生一起要去長城。
My father as well as his colleagues has been to Paris.
我父親和他的同事曾去過巴黎。
8. each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關。……